Download chapter-3 plant kingdom

CHAPTER-3
PLANT KINGDOM
GLOSSARY :
Alternation of generations :
The regular alternation of forms or of mode of reproduction in
the life cycle of an organism, such as the alternation between
diploid and haploid phases, or between sexual and asexual
reproductive cycles.
Angiosperms :
A plant whose ovules are enclosed in an ovary; a flowering
plant.
Annuals :
Plants which live for one season and complete their life cycle in
a single favorable season.
Antheridium :
Male sex organ in bryophytes.
Antherioudium :
Male sex organ in algae, fungi, bryophytes and pteridophytes.
Antibiotic :
One of a group of organic compounds, varying in structure that
one produced bymicro–organism and can kill or inhibit the
activities of other micro–organisms.
Archegonium :
Female sex organ in algae, fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes and
gymnosperms.
Ascocarp :
The fruiting body of ascomycete fungi.
Autogamy :
Self fertilization.
Bacteriochlorophyll :
A type of chlorophyll, unique to photosynthetic bacteria.
Bryophyta :
A small phylum of the plant kingdom, including mosses,
liverworts and hornworts, characterized by the lack of true roots,
stems and leaves.
Carotenoids :
A group pigment, comprising carotenes and xanthophylls.
Chemotaxonomy :
A type of taxonomy, classifies organisms in relation to their
chemical composition.
Cryptogams :
A member of a formerly recognized taxonomic group that
included all seedless plants and plantlike organisms, such as
mosses, algae, ferns and fungi.
Culture medium :
A mixture of nutrients, which may be used in liquid form or
solidified with agar, used to cultivate micro organisms such as
bacteria.
Cyclosis :
The streaming type movement of cytoplasm.
Diatoms :
They are soap box shaped; reproduce asexually by fission,
producing successive smaller generations, until size is restored
through sexual reproduction by auxospores.
Dicotyledons :
A subclass of angiosperms, tend to have broad leaves, two
cotyledons, netlike veins in the leaves, flower parts are usually
in fours or fives, a ring of primary vascular bundles in the stem
and taproot system compared to monocotyledons.
Endosperm :
The nutritive tissue, which surrounds embryo in angiosperms.
Epiphyte :
Plants growing on other plants but do not take food and water
from them.
Fructification :
Fruiting body.
Fungi :
Nucleated, usually filamentous, spore bearing organisms
devoid of chlorophyll.
Gametophyte :
Gamete, producing haploid phase of a plant.
Gymnosperms :
A plant, such as a cycad or conifer, whose seeds are not
enclosed within an ovary.
Heterospory :
Existence of two type of spores i.e. microspores and
megaspores.
Hydrophytes :
Plants found in aquatic conditions.
Lichens :
Symbiotic associations of fungi (mycobionts) and
photosynthetic partners (photobionts).
Megasporangia :
A structure, which produces one or more megaspores.
Microsporangia :
Sporangia, that produces spores that give rise to male
gametophytes.
Monocotyledons :
A subclass of angiosperm plants, based on anatomical
characteristics, have narrow leaves, one cotyledon, parallel
veins in the leaves, flower parts are usually in multiples of
three, a scattered arrangement of primary vascular bundles in
the stem and fibrous root system compared to dicotyledons.
Nuclear dimorphism :
A protist is said to exhibit nuclear dimorphism when it contain
two morphologically and functionally distinct nuclei i.e. small
micronucleus and large macronucleus.
Numerical Taxonomy :
A way of grouping and ranking organisms into taxa according
to the numerical evaluation of the affinities and similarities
between taxonomic entities or unit.
Orthotropous :
Straight ovule, found in gymnosperms and some angiosperms.
Perennial :
Plants, which grow for many seasons.
Phanerogams :
Plants, which produces seeds.
Phycocolloids :
A covering of alginic acid on cellulosic cell walls of brown algae.
Pollination :
Transference of pollen grains to stigma (in angiosperm).
Polyembryony :
Formation of many embryos within single seed.
Pteridophyta :
A class of flowerless plants, embracing ferns, horsetails, club
mosses, quillworts and other like plants.
Pyrenoids :
Starch storing proteinaceous bodies in some algae.
Rhizome :
Underground, unbranched stem in ferns.
Schizophyta :
The prokaryotes, a division of the plant subkingdom Thallobionta;
includes the bacteria and blue-green algae.
Siphonaceous :
Multinuclear thallus, but not divided into cells.
Slimemould :
Multinucleate, lack cell wall, display amoeboid movements, for
spores with cellulose cell walls in sporangia.
Spermatophytes:
A seed-bearing plant.
Sporogonium :
Sporophyte in bryophytes, usually differentiated into foot, seta
and capsule.
Sporophyte :
Spore producing diploid phase in a plant.
Syngamy :
Act of fertilization.
Thallophyta :
A group of plant like organisms showing no differentiation into
stem, root or leaf, including the algae, fungi and lichens, formerly
regarded as constituting a major division of the plant kingdom.
Thallus :
A plant body undifferentiated into stem, root or leaf.