Download the circulatory system objectives

THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES
• Identify the structures of the heart
• Describe the functions of the heart
• Trace blood flow through the
cardiovascular system
• Identify blood vessel structures
• Describe blood vessel functions
OBJECTIVES
• Identify & describe cellular &
noncellular components of blood
• Locate & name the most commonly
used veins for phlebotomy
• Describe the phases of hemostasis
• Describe how to take a blood
pressure & pulse rate
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PRIMARY COMPONENTS OF
THE CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
• Heart
(pump)
• Blood vessels
(connecting tubes)
• Blood
(circulating fluid)
BLOOD VESSELS
–Arteries
–Veins
–Capillaries
–Arterioles
–Venules
MAJOR ARM VEINS
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THE HEART
What does the term systole
mean?
• Contraction of the heart, B/P increases.
What does diastole mean?
• Relaxation of the heart, B/P decreases.
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FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
• Transportation
• Disburse nutrients
• Regulation
• Homeostasis
THE BLOOD
• Composition
• Average human volume +/- 5 quarts
• Whole blood:
– 60% plasma
– 40% cells - RBC’S, WBC’S,
– Thrombocytes
ERYTHROCYTES
• Mature through
several stages
• Each stage with
unique morphology
• Lose nuclei prior to
maturity
• Biconcaved disks
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ERYTHROCYTES
•
•
•
•
•
•
RBC’s:
Number
Size
Function
Formation
Destruction
4.5 - 5.5 million/mm3
6 - 7 m
transport O2 & CO2
bone marrow
life span +/- 120 days
fragmentation & removal
in spleen, liver & bone
marrow
ABO BLOOD GROUP
SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
•
Blood Type
A
B
AB
O
Antigens
A
B
AB
None
Antibodies
Anti-B
Anti-A
Neither A,B
Anti-A & B
RH FACTOR
• Rh positive
RBC’s have antigen for Rh
factor
• Rh negative RBC’s DO NOT have
antigen for Rh factor
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What does cross-match testing
mean?
• Exposing donor blood to recipient blood
What cellular changes occur
with a blood cross-reaction?
• Agglutination
• Hemolysis
LEUKOCYTES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Two major groups:
GRANULOCYTES:
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
AGRANULOCYTES:
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
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LEUKOCYTES
•
•
•
•
•
WBC’s:
Number
Size
Function
Formation
5,000 - 9,000 / mm3
9 - 16 m
defense
granulocytes in bone
marrow
• Destruction life span 1 day to years,
spleen, liver, bone marrow
What does the term
phagocytosis mean?
• Condition of / eating, destroying / cell
What information does a WBC
with differential provide?
• WBC count & categorization of the cells
by type, percentage of each type and
morphology / maturity.
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What does the term
morphology mean?
• Study of characteristics - size, shape,
color, maturity
THROMBOCYTES
• Platelets
• Clotting
• Hemostasis
THROMBOCYTES
•
•
•
•
•
•
PLATELETS
Number
250,000 - 450,000 mm3
Size
1 - 4 m
Function
clotting
Formation bone marrow
Destruction life span 9 - 12 days,
removed in spleen
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What does the term
hematopoietic mean?
• pertaining to / blood / formation
What is plasma?
• Liquid portion of
blood without cells
• 90% water
• 10% solutes
What is serum?
• The watery
portion of blood
after coagulation.
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What is the buffy coat?
• A thin, white layer
above RBC’s
formed by WBC’s
& platelets.
HEMOSTASIS &
COAGULATION
•
•
•
•
•
Hemostasis
Vascular phase, vasoconstriction
Platelet phase
Coagulation phase
Fibrinolysis
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