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Test # Bio 112 Comprehensive Final Exam DO NOT WRITE IN THIS TEST BOOKLET FINAL EXAM--Bio 112 INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the single best response for each question. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BOOKLET 1. Fungi a. by b. by c. by d. by e. by usually obtain food how? digesting it externally and then absorbing it photosynthesis absorbing it and then digesting it within fungal cells chemosynthesis producing antibiotics that internally destroy bacteria 2. All organisms that reside within an ecosystem and that can potentially interbreed are members of a(n) a. population b. community c. trophic level d. aggregation e. ecotope 3. Which set of chambers supplies blood to the pulmonary circulation? a. The atria b. The ventricles c. The right atrium and right ventricle d. The left atrium and left ventricle 4. What ecological process changes a lake to a marsh over a long period of time? a. Eutrophication b. Competitive exclusion c. Succession d. Extinction e. Coevolution 5. Hydra, anemones and jellyfish are: a. Porifera b. Cnidaria c. Platyhelminthes d. Protista e. Flagellates 6. Flowers that make pollen only and no seeds lack which part? a. petal b. sepal c. stamen d. carpel e. filament Page 2 7. What makes the cells of a developing embryo differentiate into various types of cells? a. They have different genes. b. Different genes are activated. c. The DNA of their mitochondria is different. d. Once certain genes of a cell have caused it to differentiate, the other genes are lost. e. There are special genes in the cytoplasmic which cause this. 8. As an oak tree ages, the trunk becomes thicker and more woody due to: a. Primary growth b. Secondary growth c. Tertiary d. Meristimatic e. Differentiated 9. When a population has inhabited an area for a long time and the population size has stabilized because of resource limitations: a. Carrying capacity has been reached b. Density dependence occurs c. Predation decreases d. Density independence occurs e. Environmental resistance declines 10. The dominant animal taxon in terms of diversity and richness is: a. Annelida b. Arthropoda c. Nematoda d. Echinodermata e. Chordata 11. At a. b. c. d. e. present, the earth's human population is: Stable Declining Increasing exponentially Increasing at a constant rate Increasing at about 10% per year 12. Regulation of the diffusion of water and CO2 into and out of a leaf is controlled by the a. Stomata b. Cuticle c. Epidermis d. Mesophyll e. Phloem Page 3 13. The result of gastrulation is a. A morula b. A blastopore c. The formation of organs d. A three-layered embryo e. The loss of many cells from the blastopore area 14. Fungal cell walls are different from plant cell walls in that... a. fungi have cellulose, plants have chitin b. fungi have glycogen, plants have cellulose c. fungi have glycoprotein, plants have starch d. fungi have chitin, plants have cellulose e. fungi have cellulose, plants have pectin 15. "Protozoa" literally means: a. first life forms b. first cells c. first animals d. first heterotrophs e. first predators 16. The action potential along an axon decreases in strength as the signal moves away from the cell body. a. True. b. False, because action potentials move toward the cell body. c. False, because action potentials occur only at a synapse. d. False, because action potentials remain unchanged along an axon. e. False, because axons transmit only resting potentials. 17. Succession which begins on bare rock after glaciers have passed, or on newly formed volcanic islands is a. Primary b. Secondary c. Allogenic d. Pioneer e. Autogenic 18. Which is the present hypothesis about altruistic behavior? a. genes are preserved by altruistic behavior b. an animal which expresses altruism is more likely to be killed, eliminating his genes c. an animal which expresses altruism is consciously selfsacrificing with nothing to gain d. altruism is a learned behavior e. altruism has no selective advantage Page 4 19. Which hormone decreases blood glucose concentrations? a. Glucagon b. Insulin c. Cortisol d. Growth hormone 20. The most powerful way of inferring evolutionary relationships uses which type of evidence? a. comparative morphology b. chemical similarities c. measure the ability to mate and produce fertile offspring d. comparative anatomy e. compare DNA base sequences 21. Which Kingdom contains heterotrophic, multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that absorb their food after extracellular digestion? a. Monera b. Fungi c. Protista d. Plantae e. Animalia 22. Birds excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of a. Urea b. Uric acid c. Ammonia d. Amino acids e. Amine groups 23. The long process of a neuron is called the a. synapse b. myelin c. axon d. ohm 24. Members of Kingdom Plantae are: a. Photosynthetic b. Eukaryotic c. Multicellular d. a and c e. All of these 25. Urea is a product of the breakdown of a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Vitamin B e. Iron Page 5 26. The dominance hierarchy within a group of animals functions to: a. eliminate competition b. limit population numbers c. minimize aggression d. increase competition e. cause an increase in fighting among members of a population 27. Vaccinations are effective because they stimulate the production of a. Memory cells b. Plasma cells c. Cytotoxic T cells d. Helper T cells e. All of the above 28. One trend in the evolution of animals is the increase in the number of tissue (germ) layers that can be seen during embryonic development. In flatworms and more complex animals, there are _____ layers. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 29. A strong association learned during a particular sensitive period of an animal's life is referred to as: a. classical conditioning b. fixed action behavior c. altruism d. imprinting e. habituation 30. The connection between the two control systems of the body, the nervous and endocrine systems is the a. pituitary gland b. adrenal gland c. hypothalamus d. thyroid 31. You discover an unidentified weed that you cut with a lawn mower almost to the ground. Soon it is as tall as it was before you cut it. This growth is likely due to what growth region? a. shoot apical meristem b. intercalary meristem c. root apical meristem d. vascular cambium e. cork cambium Page 6 32. Foreign proteins that will bind to an antibody are called a. cytotoxins b. histamines c. interferons d. antigens 33. If you remove red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets from blood you have a. salty water b. plasma c. lymph d. albumin 34. Most fungal nuclei are: a. haploid b. chitin c. diploid d. zygospores e. meiotic 35. The oldest fossil organisms presently known have been dated at approximately how many years old? a. 4.5 billion b. 3.5 billion c. 1.7 billion d. less than 1.7 billion e. greater than 4.5 billion 36. Dwarfism is due to a lack of the secretion of growth hormone by the a. Anterior pituitary b. Parathyroid c. Pancreas d. Adrenal medulla e. Adrenal cortex 37. Curare is a drug that a. Prevents the opening of sodium channels b. Prevents the opening of chloride channels c. Blocks acetylcholine receptors d. Stimulates acetylcholine receptors Page 7 38. If a beaver eats the bark all the way around a tree trunk (a process called "girdling"), why does the tree eventually die? a. The tree is more susceptible to insect and fungal diseases. b. The phloem is damaged and the transport of sugars is interrupted. c. Cells of the lateral meristem can no longer continue to divide. d. The supply of water and minerals to the leaves is no longer possible. e. The tree cannot continue to photosynthesize. 39. A scientist who studies natural behavior of animals is called a/an: a. ethologist b. psychologist c. naturalist d. physiologist e. sociologist 40. If antibiotics seem effective against a human illness, then this illness is probably caused by a(n): a. virus b. prion c. protist d. bacterium e. autoimmune disease 41. You see a moss plant near the base of a tree in your yard. Is what you can see of this plant without magnification: a. sporophyte b. gametophyte c. gamete d. spore e. zygote 42. Gas exchange in the lungs is due to a. Active transport of gases between the blood and the alveolus. b. Active transport of gases between hemoglobin and the alveolus. c. Passive diffusion of gases between the blood and the alveolus. d. Facilitated diffusion of gases between the blood and the alveolus. 43. If is a. b. c. d. e. you find a brightly colored insect resting on a dead leaf, it likely to Be poisonous or distasteful Be prey for birds Be camouflaged Have startle coloration Have aggressive mimicry Page 8 44. Which of the following statements best describes the movements of energy and nutrients in ecosystems? a. Energy and nutrients flow through b. Energy cycles and nutrients recycle c. Energy increases and nutrients cycle d. Energy flows through and nutrients cycle e. Energy and nutrients cycle 45. If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be a. Involved in succession b. Involved in intraspecific competition c. Partitioning their resources d. Coevolving e. Increasing niche overlap 46. Defense of an area where important resources for survival are located is termed: a. appeasement b. passive behavior c. aggression d. kinesis e. territoriality 47. A species that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is: a. A predator b. A dominator species c. The most abundant species in the community d. A keystone species e. The largest species 48. It has been proposed that the first atmosphere of Earth had all the following gasses except: a. H2 b. H2O c. O2 d. NH2 e. CH4 49. The corpus callosum links a. Thalamus and hypothalamus b. Cerebrum and thalamus c. Forebrain and midbrain d. Right and left cerebral hemispheres e. Peripheral and central nervous systems Page 9 50. What is the evolutionary significance of a flower with larger, brightly-colored petals? a. The wind is a significant factor in pollination especially because of the large petals. b. Such plants are usually self-pollinators and do not rely on external factors for pollination. c. In general, these are aquatic plants and water aids in pollination, irrespective of color and odor. d. These flowers are more attractive to animals as pollinators. e. Such flowers produce only microspores or megaspores, not both. 51. The proteins that must be matched as closely as possible between an organ donor and recipient are the __________ proteins a. glyco b. MHC c. clotting factor d. all of these 52. Cell-mediated immunity is provided by a. B cells b. Antibodies c. T-cells d. NK cells 53. ALL respiratory systems a. have a moist gas exchange surface b. have a large surface area c. have thin surfaces d. all are correct 54. If a bird eats an insect that ate a plant, the bird would be considered a(n) a. Autotroph b. Primary producer c. Primary consumer d. Secondary consumer e. Tertiary consumer 55. The science of placing organisms into categories based on evolutionary similarities is: a. Taxidermy b. Gradualism c. Preadaptation d. Taxonomy e. Biology ANSWERS FOR BIO 112 FINAL EXAM (3/02) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. a a c c b d b b a b c a d d c d a a b e b b c e c c a b d c a d b a b a c b a d b c a d c e d c d d b c d 54. d 55. d