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Do Now: • Deviance is often very mild – recall some instance in which you broke a social rule and answer the following questions: – What was the reaction? – Why do you think people reacted this way? – What was your response to their reaction? Deviance In what ways is deviance all relative? How do norms make Life Possible? • Norms make social life possible by making behavior predictable • Without norms – we would have social chaos How do norms make Life Possible? • Norms create: • Social Order: a group’s usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives How do norms make Life Possible? • And: • Social Control: a group’s formal and informal means of enforcing its norms What is Deviance • Deviance is any violation of norms – whether minor or major. • It is not the act itself – but the reaction to the act that makes it deviant. What is Deviance • Relativity of Deviance: – What is deviant to some is not deviant to others. – This happens both within and across cultures. What is Deviance • Deviance is non-judgmental – any act people respond to negatively is deviance • Sociologists do not pass judgment or indicate whether or not they agree with the act. What causes Deviance? • There are 3 competing explanations for what causes deviance – Sociobiology – Psychology – Sociology Sociobiology • Belief that deviance comes from within • People have a genetic predisposition • The genetic predisposition can be rooted in: – Intelligence (low intelligence) – XYY (only found in men) – Body Type (“squarish muscular” body type) Sociobiology • However: – Criminal have both high and low intelligence levels – Most men who commit crimes have the normal XY – and most men that do have the extra Y chromosome are not criminals. – Criminals come in all shapes and sizes Psychology • Belief that deviance comes from within • Subconscious motives drive people to deviance. Psychology • However, – There are no specific childhood experiences that are linked with deviance – Deviance is not associated with any particular personality (anger etc. ) Sociology • Belief that deviance comes from external factors • These factors include: – Socialization – Subcultures – Social Class Deviance In what ways is deviance all relative?