Download Fall Final Review

FALL FINAL REVIEW
CH. 4 Newton’s 1st Law
Key Chapters and Concepts
- metric conversions
CH. 5 Newton’s 2nd Law
- scientific notation
CH. 6 Newton’s 3rd Law
- significant figures
CH. 7 Momentum & Impulse
CH. 2 Linear Motion
CH. 8 Energy
CH. 3 Projectile motion
Key Terms: Know what these terms mean
scalar
projectile
Newton’s 2nd Law
vector
force
Newton’s 3rd Law
displacement vs distance
friction
free body diagrams
velocity vs speed
inertia
inversely proportional
acceleration
net force
directly proportional
free fall
mass
impulse
momentum
weight
work / energy / power
air resistance
Newton’s 1st Law
action/reaction force pairs
Short Answer Questions
1) What are the SI (metric) units for: distance, velocity, acceleration, time, and force?
2) What is the difference between speed and velocity?
3) Explain three ways an object can accelerate, and why?
4) If we neglect air resistance when a ping pong ball and a golf ball are dropped at the same time and height;
which one will hit the ground first? Why?
5) A ball is thrown up into the air. Describe the ball’s velocity and acceleration: as it goes up, when it reached
maximum height and as it comes down.
6) Explain how air resistance affects how objects fall.
7) Explain what force(s) act on a projectile as it is in the air.
8) A paintball is dropped while at the same time one is shot out of a paintball gun horizontally. Which one will
hit the ground first? Why?
9) What is the difference between mass and weight?
10) Without friction or air resistance, if a 500 N object is moving at 4.0 m/s how much force is need to keep the
object moving in a straight line?
11) A tennis ball (0.057 kg) and a bowling ball (7.3 kg) are dropped off a roof, neglecting air resistance. Which
one has the greater force of gravity?
12) According to Newton’s third law, explain why the forces don’t cancel out to a net force of zero.
13) What force or forces are needed to keep a NASA inter planetary probe moving in outer-space? Explain way
using Newton’s laws of motion.
14) A baseball player hits a ball with a bat. Explain how the forces and accelerations of each compare.
15) Explain how a balloon rocket is able to move upward using Newton’s 3rd law of motion.
Math Review Problems:
Identify the number of significant digits in each number
16) 46700
number of sig figs______
18) 100100 number of sig figs______
17) 872.00 number of sig figs______
19) 0.0000600 number of sig figs______
Change all numbers into scientific notation:
20) 698000000
21) 0.0000023
22) 0.000006521
23) 84290000
Change all numbers into decimal notation:
24) 3.4 × 104
25) 5.201 × 10-6
26) 7.7 × 10-5
27) 8.98 × 106
Problems: All problems must be done using T-Charts (32 - 55) or Dominoes (conversions 28 – 31).
28) 65.0 mi/h to m/s
29) 2.98 × 10-8 kg to mg
30) 5420 lbs to kg
31) 1.26 × 108 sec to years
32) If it takes a track runner 2.16 seconds to reach a speed of 5.31 m/s from the start of a race, what is the
runner’s acceleration?
33) While skiing, Ellen encounters a ridge which she leaves with a horizontal speed of 17.3 m/s and she lands
14.0 m from the ridge. How high is the ridge?
34) In our physics lab, we rolled a steel ball down a ramp. If the horizontal velocity of the ball was 4.2 m/s
and the table is 1.07 m high, how far from the table’s edge will the marble hit the ground?
35) Sandy is pushing on Bill with 255 N to the left. The net force acting on Billy is 195 N to the left. If Billy
weighs 520 N, draw a free body diagram and calculate the force of friction and the surface force.
36) A 62.3 kg runner accelerates at a rate of 2.2 m/s2 to the east. If a frictional force of 88 N is resisting the
motion, what is the applied force of the runner to accelerate at this rate? Draw a free body diagram of
the runner’s situation.
37) Rhonda, who has a mass of 57.0 kg, is riding at 33.0 m/s in her sports car when she must suddenly slam
on the brakes to avoid hitting a dog crossing the road, which brings her body to a stop in 0.55 s. What
average force does the seat belt exert on her?
38) If a dog is fetching a ball that is 17.5 m away at a constant speed of 6.7 m/s, how long does it take the dog
to fetch the ball?
39) It takes 3.32 seconds for a rock to hit the ground from a tall building. If we can neglect air resistance,
from what height was the rock dropped from?
40) A diver jumps horizontally off a board that is 10.5 m tall. If she lands 4.3 m from the edge of the board,
what was the diver’s velocity when she jumped?
41) What is the net force acting on an 85 kg sky diver that is accelerating at a rate of 6.5 m/s2?
42) On the Mars, a ball is dropped from a height of 3.19 m, and takes 1.31 seconds to hit the ground.
Determine the acceleration of gravity on Mars.
43) How many seconds does it take for a metal ball to drop 145 m from rest? What is its velocity before
impact?
44) If a bullet leaves a rifle traveling at 1050 m/s, and it takes it 1.71103 s. What’s the bullet’s acceleration?
45) A race car speeds around an 8.04 km race track in 1.36 minutes. What is the speed in m/s?
46) A NHRA dragster has an average speed of 147 m/s while traveling down the track in 10.3s. How long is
the track?
47) A projectile is fired with an initial horizontal velocity of 125 m/s from a height of 72.3 m. How far away
will it land?
48) A boulder rolls down a hill. The boulder then rolls off a 45.0 m cliff, with a horizontal velocity of 14.6
m/s. How far from the cliff's base does the boulder land?
49) A helicopter hovering in place drops an object whose mass is 15.7kg and for which the air supplies a force
of 45.2 N. Draw a free-body diagram and calculate the net force and acceleration of the object.
50) An officer is investigating an accident; the car landed 19.8 m from a bridge that has a height of 7.60 m.
How fast was the car going when it flew off the bridge?
51) A balloon rocket that weighs 2 N is going straight up with thrust 9 N. If air resistance is 1.5 N what is the
net force acting on the balloon rocket?
52) A 2.5 kg block is being pushed horizontally across a table with a force of 4.0-N and friction resists the
motion with a 3.0-N force. Calculate the acceleration of the block.
53) Find the weight (E) and friction force (D) for the given object, then find its acceleration.
.
54) Find the net force acting upon the object and its acceleration.
55) An applied force of 50. N is used to accelerate an object to the right
across a frictional surface. The object encounters 10 N of friction.
(Neglect air resistance.)
a. What is the normal force (Fnorm)?
b. What is the net force (Fnet)?
c. What is the mass (m)?
d. What is the acceleration?
56) Which shape fits a distance vs. time graph of an object moving at a constant (non-zero) speed?
57) Which shape fits a speed vs. time graph of an object moving at a constant (non-zero) speed?
58) Which two shapes fit a distance vs. time graph of a motionless object?
59) Which shape fits a speed vs. time graph of a motionless object?
60) Which shape fits a distance vs. time graph of an object that is speeding up at a steady rate?
61) Which shape fits a speed vs. time graph of an object that is speeding up at a steady rare?
62) What is equivalent to the units meters per second per second?
63) What units correspond to the slope of a distance vs. time graph?
64) What units correspond to the slope of a speed vs. time graph?
The table below gives distance and time data for a moving object. Pay attention to how the time intervals
are changing as the distance rises in 20m increments.
65) Which of the following distance vs. time graphs corresponds to the table data?
66) Which of the following descriptions matches the graph you selected in question 65?
a. A motionless object
b. An object moving at a constant speed
c. An object undergoing constant, positive acceleration
d. An object undergoing constant, negative acceleration.
67) Which of the following speed vs. time graphs corresponds to the table data?
68) Which of the following descriptions matches the graph you selected in question 67?
a. A motionless object
b. An object moving at a constant speed
c. An object undergoing constant, positive acceleration
d. An object undergoing constant, negative acceleration.
69) A woman walks away from a starting point in a
straight line. A distance vs. time graph for her motion
is shown to the right. Describe the woman’s motion
between 0 and 2 seconds.
70) Fill out the table below. You don’t need to show
your work
Time interval
Woman’s Speed (m/s)
2 to 4 seconds
4 to 6 seconds
6 to 8 seconds
Use the motion graph to the right to answer 71 - 74
71) When does the person have the greatest
velocity?
72) What is the person’s displacement in the first 6
seconds?
73) What is the person’s displacement from 8 to 14
seconds?
74) How fast is the person walking from 12 to 15
seconds?
Use the motion graph to the right to answer 75 - 77
75) When does this object have the least amount of non-zero
acceleration?
76) When is the object motionless?
77) What is the displacement from 2 to 5 seconds?
78) What is the difference between constant velocity and
constant acceleration?
79) Can an object ever have a constant velocity and a constant
acceleration?
80) Can an object ever have negative velocity and a positive acceleration? How about a positive velocity and negative
acceleration? What if both velocity and acceleration are negative?