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SCIENTIFIC NOTATION (Ask for help if you have not learned this math skill)
2. Write 721,650,000 in scientific notation.
1. Write the properly expanded form
of 5.41 x 10-7m.
SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES
3. For each of the following, indicate whether you would use a line graph, a bar graph or pie
chart to display the data. Briefly explain your answer.
A.
Favorite outdoor sports of Fairview students (31% snowboarding, 25%
kayaking, Mountain biking 36%, Rock climbing 8%)
B.
Density of each planet in our solar system.
C.
The effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction.
4. Study the following graph:
Colorado Energy Sources
a. Why is this the best type
of graph for this
information?
d. What is the predominant
type of fuel used as an
energy source in CO?
Give two reasons why this
is a potential problem.
purchased
(unknown fuel
type), 7.20%
wind, 2.80%
solar, 0.00%
biomass, 0.00%
nuclear, 0.00%
natural gas,
11.30%
hydroelectric,
1.50%
geothermal,
0.00%
coal, 77.20%
5. Define the terms independent variable and dependent variable and describe an example of
each.
6. In a rocket experiment Jimmy wants to determine the relationship between Fin Size and
altitude of flight. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? List
as many constants as you possibly can.
7. What are some things that Jimmy should consider in his procedure to make his data
meaningful? List as many as you can.
8. Use dimensional analysis to convert the following:
a. 10,000 feet into km.
Hint: 1 mile = 5280 feet and
0.6 mi = 1 km.
b. 12,245 grams into kg
c. 7,453,200 cm into km
d. 7,453,200 cm into m
e. 334 m into miles
f. 6,243 s into hours
g. 25 m/s into miles/hr
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9. How many centimeters in a meter? How many millimeters in a meter? How many millimeters
in a centimeter? How many meters in a kilometer? How many meters is 72.8 km?
10. How many grams in a kilogram?
11. 500 g = ______ kg.
12. 3.5 kg = ______ g,
0.35 kg = ______ g,
0.035 kg = ______g
PROPERTIES/PERIODIC TABLE/BONDING/BALANCING
13. What is the difference between a physical and a chemical property? List some examples
of each.
14. If an object has a volume of 25 ml and a mass of 100 g, what is its density? Will it float
or sink? Why?
15. If a pencil has a density of 0.9 g/cm3, what is the density of exactly ½ of the same pencil
if it is broken onto two equal parts?
16. Explain the difference between a family and a period. Which family has 8 valence
electrons? Which family has a full outermost energy level? Which is most reactive?
Least?
17. How many neutrons are in an atom that has 12 protons and an mass of 23? Name element.
18. For the element represented by this atom model:
A. How many protons?
B. How many
electrons?
+7
C. How many valence
electrons?
D. Draw it’s Lewis Dot diagram.
E. What is its ion charge?
F. What is an element it will form an
ionic bond with?
G. What element is it?
19. What is most important in chemical bonding, neutrons, protons or electrons? Explain:
20. First write the charges on each ion below. Then write the formulas and compound names that
result if the ion pair bonds to form a molecule.
Ions to bond
Na
K
Al
Ca
Ca
Mg
S
Cl
O
Cl
S
N
Formula
Na2S
Compound Name
Sodium Sulfide
21. Explain why a test tube of pure hydrogen is not explosive, whereas one filled with a mixture
of hydrogen and oxygen is very explosive.
22. Balance the following chemical equations and draw pictures of the all the atoms and molecules
in the balanced reaction.
___Al + ___O2  ___Al2O3
___C6H12O6  ___C2H5OH + ___CO2
___Al + ___HCl  ___AlCl3 + ___H2
___Al + ___MgO  ___Mg + ___Al2O3
23. What is the law of conservation of matter? Why do we balance chemical equations?
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VELOCITY
Distance/Position (m)
D i st a n c e / P o si t i o n v . T i m e
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
T i me ( s e c )
24. Describe the exact motion needed to obtain each
segment on this graph.
25. What is the slope from 8 to 10 seconds? What is
the velocity from 8 to 10 seconds?
26. What is the slope from 4 to 6 seconds? The
velocity?
27. What does the slope on a distance vs. time graph
indicate? What does a positive slope mean? A
negative slope? A slope of zero?
Imagine this… you’re in the middle of a field and a major thunder and lightning storm is coming
your way. At top speed you can run 25m in 5 seconds. Shelter is about 300m away. You see a
bolt of lightning and then hear the thunder 1.47 seconds afterwards. Recall that you see the
lightening immediately and that sound travels at about 340 m/s.
28. How far away was that lightning bolt?
29. How fast do you run in meters/second? (refer to paragraph above)
30. How long will it take you to run to the shelter? (refer to paragraph above)
Sammy raced his three pet mice on a straight track. The tracks have sides so the mice go straight.
He set up his distance probe at the start line. Make a line graph illustrating the data from all
three of his mice.
Time
(sec)
0
Mouse A’s
Mouse B’s
Mouse C’s
Distance (m) Distance (m) Distance (m)
0
0
0
1
0.2
0.5
0.1
2
0.5
1.0
0.2
3
0.7
1.0
0.3
4
0.9
0.8
0.4
5
1.2
0.5
0.4
6
1.3
0.8
0.4
7
1.6
1.2
0.4
8
1.8
1.6
0.9
9
2.0
2.0
1.4
10
2.2
2.4
2.4
31. What is mouse A’s average velocity from 0-10 secs?
32. Assuming mouse A’s speed remained constant, what will its distance be at 14 seconds?
33. Which mouse turned around and went back toward the starting line?
34. Which mouse most likely stopped to eat some cheese?
35. Which mouse had the fastest speed over any one-second time interval? _______ What was
the speed? What direction was the speed?
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ACCELERATION:
36. Write down some examples of units for velocity and acceleration.
37. Tania stands at the top of a hill with her bike. She jumps on and starts rolling. After 13
seconds she is moving 18.6 m/s. What is her average acceleration during this 13 seconds?
38. Don accelerates in his car at a rate of 3.2 m/s/s. Assuming he accelerates evenly and started
from a standstill, what is his velocity after accelerating for 5 seconds?
39. a. Emily is late for class. She runs down the hall with an average acceleration of 0.4 m/s/s.
How long does it take her to reach a speed of 10 m/s?
b. Do you think Emily can really run that fast? Explain.
40. a. The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is 1.6 m/s/s. If you fell from the top of a
cliff on the moon, how fast would you be falling after 7 seconds?
b. If you fell from a cliff on Earth, how fast would you be falling after 7 seconds?
c. BONUS: How far would you have fallen on Earth after 7 seconds? (How much distance
would you have covered?) (Note: this one is hard. You may need to make a table).
The following questions refer to Ricky Bobby’s Race Car graph (BE CAREFUL IT IS
VELOCITY vs TIME. Use your best graph reading/interpreting skills):
41. What is Ricky Bobby’s
fastest velocity?
Ricky Bobby’s Race Car Ride
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42. For each segment, A, B
and C, describe in words
the car’s acceleration
during that segment.
44. Calculate Ricky Bobby’s
acceleration during at
least one segment: A, B,
and C.
45. During which time interval
was the NET FORCE on
Ricky Bobby's car zero?
(hint: f=ma)
Velocity (m/s)
43. During which segment (A,
B or C) does Ricky Bobby
have constant velocity?
Positive acceleration,
negative acceleration?
B
50
C
40
30
20
A
10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Time (S)
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46. These dots represent the position of a skateboarder at one
second intervals. Divide the motion into distinct segments that
show just one type of motion: positive acceleration, negative
acceleration or constant speed. Each segment should contain just
one type of motion.
Earth
47. The dot diagram at right shows one second intervals of an object
in freefall on planet earth. Sketch comparable dot diagrams for
an object in freefall on a larger planet like Jupiter and another
one for an object in freefall on a smaller planet like Mercury.
Sketch another dot diagram for an object that has reached
terminal velocity.
48. Draw a free body diagram for a skydiver falling in each of the following scenarios.
A. The skydiver is accelerating before she opens her parachute.
B. The skydiver is slowing down after her parachute has been opened.
C. The skydiver is falling at terminal velocity before opening her parachute.
D. The skydiver is floating down at a constant (slower) speed after her parachute has been opened.
49. How can you accelerate without changing your speed?
50. What is the standard metric unit for distance? For velocity? For acceleration?
51. A constantly accelerating object will travel _________ as far in twice the time.
52. What falls faster, a feather or a bowling ball? On Earth? On the Moon? Explain.
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53. Katie ran a lab in which she rolled a ball down a ramp 150 meters long. She timed how long it
took the ball to roll down from the top to a mark at 30 meters. She repeated for distances
down the ramp of 60, 90, 120 and 150 meters. Each time she measured the time from the top
of the ramp. Which graph below is likely her DISTANCE VS. TIME GRAPH? Which one could
be her VELOCITY vs TIME GRAPH?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
NEWTON’S LAWS:
54. Completely state each of Newton’s three laws of motion.
55. For each of the following, state which one of Newton’s laws applies and give a brief reason
for your answer.
a. A dog comes running in the door, slides across the smooth, waxed floor and slams head
first into the wall.
b. If they run out of gas, a Ford tuck is much harder to push (accelerate by hand) than a
Toyota Prius.
c. The thrust pushing downward from a rocket causes the rocket to fly upward.
d. Tiffany found it much harder to stop Big Jake (110 kg) than little Nicole (40 kg) when she
tried out for the football team.
e. “That soccer ball just won’t move unless you kick it!” shouted Leroy.
f. When Don pushes on the ice in one direction, he was not surprised to find out that he
glided on his skates in the other direction.
FORCES
56. What is the formula for force? What are the units for force?
57. What is the formula for weight? What are the units for weight?
58. When calculating force or weight what units must be used for mass? For acceleration?
59. A car with a mass of 1800 kg hits a wall and decelerates at -12 m/s/s. What is the force of
the car against the wall?
60. Sammy and Kimmy are both fighting over a piece of salt water taffy. They each pull on it.
Sammy exerts 65 N and Kimmy exerts 72 N. Who will eventually get the taffy? Why?
61. A 250 kg sail boat moving at 10.0 m/s suddenly catches a cool breeze which increases its
speed to 15.0 m/s in 7.0 s. With how much force is the wind pushing against the sail boat?
(Hint: Find acceleration and then plug that value in to F=MA. Be mindful of UNITS. )
62. a. The engines of a 15,000 kg jet airplane are exerting a force of 200,000 N while the
airplane is experiencing an average air resistance of 70,000 N. Draw a free body diagram
showing all the forces on the airplane. The plane is traveling to the right.
b. What is the Net Force (Fnet) on the airplane?
c. What is the acceleration of the airplane?
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63. Taylor wanted to run a lab which measured the relationship between
force and acceleration. She used a small pull cart and changed force
on the cart as shown in Figures A and B (at right). For the cart
shown in figure A she measured an acceleration of 0.5 m/s/s. If
there were absolutely no error in her measurements and calculations,
what should be the acceleration of the car shown in figure B?
A
B
64. Knowing that Taylor kept mass constant and only varied force, which set of
data below would most likely be her data. In other words which set of data
agrees the best with NEWTON’S SECOND LAW of Motion?
Force
(n)
100
200
300
400
500
Acceleration
(m/s/s)
0.5
1.00
3.00
9.00
16.00
Force
(n)
100
200
300
400
500
Acceleration
(m/s/s)
1.00
2.00
4.00
16.00
256.00
Force
(n)
100
200
300
400
500
Acceleration
(m/s/s)
0.25
1.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Force
(n)
100
200
300
400
500
Acceleration
(m/s/s)
0.5
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Force due to gravity (ie: weight)
65. Explain the difference between weight and mass.
66. What instrument is used to measure mass? Why?
67. What instrument is used to measure weight? Why?
68. If a boat has a mass of 526 kg, what is its weight in Newtons (N)?
69. a) What is the mass of an object that has a weight of 888 N on planet Earth?
b) What is the mass of the same object on the moon where the acceleration due to gravity
is 1.6 m/s/s?
c) What is the weight of this object on the moon?
70. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth? ____________.
a. Explain why a falling object might accelerate at a slower rate than this.
b. Why can a free-falling object can never accelerate faster than this?
71. Explain the LAW OF FALLING BODIES. Does an object’s mass affect how it falls? (explain)
The following three questions refer to the graph:
Mass vs Weight on Planet Bling.
73. What is the acceleration due to gravity on
Planet Bling?
74. How much would a 200 kg gorilla weigh on
Planet Bling? (calculate)
SOME MORE THINKING ABOUT F =
MA (ALSO KNOWN AS A = F/M)
500
450
400
Weight (N)
72. What is the weight of a 17 kg object on Planet
Bling? (Use only the graph to answer. No
calculation)
Mass vs Weight on Planet Bling
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
Mass (kg)
75. If the net force on an object is doubled, its acceleration will ____________
76. If the mass of an object is doubled, the acceleration will __________________________
7
30
A
B
20 kg
Fapp = 10 N
C
40 kg
Fapp = 10 N
D
20 kg
Fapp = 20 N
40 kg
Fapp = 20 N
77. Which object above will have the greatest acceleration? b) Which will have the least?
78. Which two objects will have the same acceleration?
SOME MORE THINKING ABOUT W = MG:
A
B
C
D
10 kg
20 kg
30 kg
40 kg
Fgravity = ___ N
Fgravity = ___ N
Fgravity = ___ N
Fgravity = ____N
79. Assume the objects above are all in free-fall after being dropped
simultaneously from an airplane (on Earth). Which will have the greatest acceleration?
80. Calculate the Weight (Fgravity) for each of the freefalling objects. Fill in the blanks above.
81. What is the acceleration of each of these freefalling objects? (Hint: they are on Earth)
82. In the absence of air resistance, which object will hit the ground first?
SOME MORE THINKING ABOUT NET FORCE AND EQUILIBRIUM
83. What is the Net Force on each of the boxes below?
85. What can you say about the Net Force
84. What can you say
acting on an object that is in Equilibrium?
about the upward and
downward forces in
these two diagrams?
86. Draw a free-body diagram for each of the following pictures. Then state whether the
skateboarder is in equilibrium or not.
Stationary
Constant speed
Speed
Stationary
87. If a car is moving at a constant speed and its engine is exerting a forward force of 500 N,
what is the force of friction on the car?
88. How much force is required to keep a spaceship moving at 20,000 mph in the
vacuum of space where there is no air resistance or other friction?
89. What is the relationship between an object’s mass and the amount of inertia it has?
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ENERGY, WORK AND POWER
90. Describe the differences and similarities between WORK and POWER. What are their
formulas? What do each measure? What are the units?
91. Anna walks up the stairs. She weighs 565 N and the stairs rise 3.25 m vertically.
a. Calculate her power output if she climbs the stairs in 12.6 s. Give your answer in watts and
in horsepower.
b. What is Anna’s power output if she climbs the stairs in 10.5 seconds? Give your answer in
watts and in horsepower.
c. Does she do more work walking up the stairs or running up the stairs? (explain)
d. Calculate the amount of work she does going from the bottom to the top of the stairs.
92. What is the definition of gravitational potential energy (GPE)? Kinetic energy (KE)?
93. What are the formulas for gravitational potential energy (GPE)? Kinetic energy (KE)?
94. When calculating Joules (J) for energy or work, what units must be used for mass (m)? For
height (h)? For velocity (v)? For gravity (g)?
95. Completely state the Law of Conservation of Energy?
96. Explain how the units for WORK and ENERGY are related?
97. a.
Jimmy starts rolling on his skateboard
from the top of a hill and does not ever
push with his foot. At the bottom of the
hill he has a kinetic energy of 1250 J.
What was his POTENTIAL ENERGY (GPE)
at the top of the hill assuming this is a
perfect situation with no friction?
PE = 0
KE = 1250 J
PE = ?
KE = 0
b. How much WORK will Jimmy have to do against gravity to climb back up to
the same starting point at the top of the hill? Again, assume no friction.
c. Now, assume this is the real world with friction; would you expect Jimmy’s POTENTIAL
ENERGY (GPE) at the top of the hill to be less than or greater than his KINETIC
ENERGY (KE) at the bottom of the hill? (Explain)
d. If you know Jimmy has a mass of 50 kg, and you know his PE at the top of the hill, is it
possible to figure out the height of the hill? (Explain)
e. If you know Jimmy has a mass of 50 kg, and you know his KE at the bottom of the hill, is
it possible to figure out his velocity? (Explain)
98. Kelly experiments with a toy car rolling down a ramp. She
measures the PE (or GPE) at the top of the ramp and the KE at
the bottom of the ramp. Her data comes out as shown in the
diagram. Explain why her energy values are not equal? Should
they be? Does this support or refute the law of conservation
of energy?
99. A 4 kg bowling ball is swinging from the ceiling and has a
potential energy at the top of its swing of 18 J. How much
KE does it have at the bottom? Assume no friction.
PE = 20 J
KE = 17 J
PE = 18 J
KE = 0
100. BONUS: What is its velocity at the bottom of its swing?
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101.
A 52 kg cheetah accelerates from zero to a top speed of 30 m/s.
a. How much KINETIC ENERGY (KE) does the cheetah have at top speed?
b. How much WORK does the cheetah do against inertia to go from zero m/s to top speed?
(assume no friction)
c. If the cheetah exerts a force of 1170 N to get from rest to top speed, over what
distance does the cheetah accelerate to get to top speed? (hints: work = f x d,
Conservation of Energy/Work) (assume no friction)
d. BONUS QUESTON: If this cheetah’s 33 kg cub can only give herself 6600 J of kinetic
energy (KE) when accelerating from rest to top speed, what is the cub’s top speed?
ROCKETS
Rocket Question: This is a lnew
situation. See if you can figure it out!
102. A 750 g rocket accelerates upward to 80 m and
its engine burns out. It coasts to a height of
120m before plunging downward.
C. Top of
flight
a. At what position A, B, C, or D does the rocket have
the most gravitational potential energy (GPE)?
b. Calculate this max GPE. (GPE = mgh)
c. At what position A, B, C, or D does the rocket
have the most Kinetic Energy (KE)?
d. What is the max KE? Assume there is no air
resistance or friction.
e. How much WORK did the rocket engine do in
lifting the rocket to its maximum height?
B. Burn out
Means
engine
off as
out of
the
shut
it ran
fuel.
f. How much work did the person launching the
rocket do while pumping air into the bottle.
g. BONUS: What is the velocity of the rocket
just before it hits the ground.
A. Launch
D. Just
before
impact
Ground
103. Draw an Energy Map to show where the energy came from to power your rocket.
104. Explain the rocket terms, “Center of Pressure,” and “Center of Mass.”
105. In a rocket is it better to have the center of mass and the center of pressure close
together or far apart? Explain.
BRIDGES & STATIC FORCES
106. Be able to define the following terms as they relate to bridges: Types of Forces: Compression,
Tension, Shear, Torsion. Bridge Members: Truss, Strut, Arch, Tie, Beams, Cantilever. Bridge Types:
Suspension Bridge, Cable stayed bridge, Beam Bridge, Arch bridge
107. Draw arrows to show where this bridge is experiencing tension
and where it is experiencing compression.
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