Download (pune) m.s.

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA
BARAMATI (PUNE) M.S.
International Conference on
Atmospheric Chemistry &Agricultural Meteorology
Presentation On
Effect of Green House Gases On Crops On
Farm Land.
Mr.Yashwant L. Jagdale
Scientist- Horticulture
KVK, Baramati (Pune)
Green house Gases Causes Global Warming
or Climate Change
What is Global warming?
 Global warming is the rise in average temperature
of the earths atmosphere and Oceans.
 The earth Mean temperature has increased about
0.8 degree Celsius since the late 19 th Century with
about two- third of the increase occurring after
1980.
 Global warming or Climate Change primarily
caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse
gases produced by human activities such as the
burning of fossil fuels & deforestation and different
agricultural Practices.
Introduction
 Global warming, caused by the increase in the concentration of
greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, has emerged as the
most prominent global environmental issue. These GHGs i.e--I. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
II. Methane (CH4)
III. Nitrous oxide (N2O)
 These above three gases which comes due to the different
agriculture sectors trap the outgoing infrared radiation from the
earth’s surface and thus raise the temperature and cause for
Global warming.
ATMOSPHERIC GASES
• Nitrogen ( N2)
Non –Greenhouse gases (99%)
• Oxygen ( O2)
• Carbon DiOxide
• Nitrous Oxide
• Methane ( CH4)
Greenhouse Gases (1%)
Emission of GHGs from agriculture
 Carbon Dioxide ( Sources of carbon Dioxide)
*Decay of organic matter & forest fires.
*burning of fossil fuels & deforestation .
* land-use changes.
 Methane ( Sources of Methane)
* Methane is about 21 times more effective as a heat-trapping gas than CO2.
* Wetlands, organic decay, termites, natural gas and oil extraction,.
*biomass burning, rice cultivation & cattle.
* The primary sources of methane from agriculture include animal digestive
processes, rice cultivation and manure storage and handling
 Nitrous oxide ( Sources of Nitrous oxide)
* As a greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide is 310-times more effective than CO2.
* Forests, grasslands, oceans, soils, nitrogenous fertilizers, and burning of
biomass and fossil fuels are the major sources of nitrous oxide,
Share of the GHG emissions of the
agricultural sector
Sr.
No.
Component Details
Contribution % of Gases
1.
Energy Excluding transport
60 %
2.
Transport
19 %
3.
Industries
9%
4.
Agriculture ( Methane CH4- 4.3 % & Nitrous
oxide N2O- 5 %)
9%
5.
Waste
3%
6.
Total %
100 %
Effect of green house gases on crops
 Global climatic changes can affect agriculture through their direct and indirect
effects on the crops, soils, livestock and pests.
Direct Effect
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The increase in temperature, depending upon the current ambient
temperature, can reduce crop duration, increase crop respiration &
Evapotranspiration rates.
Affect the survival and distribution of pest populations.
Decrease fertilizer-use efficiencies and increase evapo-transpiration rate so
requires more water for crop production.
Horticultural crops are more susceptible to changing conditions than arable
crops.
Indirect Effect
Indirectly effects on land use due to snow melt, increases sea level causes
reduces the % of Cultivable land & availability of good quality of Water for
Irrigation affects on the yield of crops.
Frequency and intensity of seasonal droughts ,floods & Hailstorm.
Soil organic matter transformations, soil erosion, changes in pest profiles.
Therefore, concrete efforts are required for controlling GHGs.
Composition of GHGs in various sectors in India
Green Houses Gases
Contribution (%)
Carbon dioxide
55
Methane
15
CFCs 11 & 12
17
Nitrous oxide
6
Others
7
Mitigation measures in agriculture and their indicative mitigation
potential
Particulars Measures
Mitigation effect
Improve crop varieties and
productivity
Reduces direct and
indirect
Emissions & increases per
kg yield
Improve residue management e.g.
avoid biomass burning
Reduces direct emissions
Crops and
Introduce legumes into grasslands
farming
to enhance Productivity
system
management
Optimized Rice management (e.g.
System of Rice Intensification SRI –
not flooded)
Reduces direct nitrous
oxide and indirect
emissions
Reduces methane (but
may increase nitrous
oxide; - more research
needed)
Mitigation measures in agriculture and their indicative
mitigation potential
Particulars
Fertilizers,
manures &
bio mass
management
Measures
Mitigation effect
Reduce use and production of synthetic
fertilizers
Reduces direct and indirect
emissions.
Avoid leaching and volatilization of N
from organic fertilizers during storage
and application
Reduces Nitrous Oxide
Emission
Optimize fertilizer application
management e.g. fertilizer application
adjusted to crop needs , including right
timing for optimum uptake through
crops. Use slow-releasing fertilizers
Reduces emissions by 1/3 to
3/4
Optimize compost production (by
addition of bulking material)
Reduces emissions by 1/3 to
3/4
Biogas production (methane capture)
No emissions besides
physical leakage
Mitigation measures in agriculture and their indicative
mitigation potential
Particulars
Measure
Mitigation effect
Use organic fertilizers (production Increases soil organic carbon,
emissions from organic fertilizers Reduces emissions from
have to be accounted for e.g.
synthetic fertilizer production
compost production)
Optimize crop rotations e.g. use
perennials in crop rotations.
Increases soil organic carbon
0.8 T CO2-eq/ha/year
Use of legumes to fix nitrogen use Increases soil organic carbon,
Soilcover crops and intercropping
reduces emissions
management avoid bare fallows
Avoid soil compaction e.g. by
avoiding heavy machinery
Reduces nitrous oxide
emissions
Agro forestry
Increases soil organic carbon.
3-8 T CO2 eq/ha/year
Rice Crop -Problems Identified and Technology
Intervention to Overcome the Problems
Crop
Problems Identified/ Climatic Vulnerabilities
1.Erratic Rainfall & Water shortage at critical growth
stages
2.Late onset of Monsoon
Paddy /
3.Less availability of farm labour during peak period
Rice
due heavy rain.
4. less mechanization
5.Emmission of Methane Gas due to wetland.
Contingent crop Demonstration
Paddy / Rice
90 % Paddy seedlings got wilted wilted due to
no rains/drought.
Intervention
Wilting of paddy nursery due to
no. rain
SRI Rice cultivation
KVK assess technology of SRI
Plantation of younger 14 days seedling
Staggered planting of nursery & transplanting b
Mechanical Transplanter
Assessment SRI Rice and Machine Transplanting
Nursery
Transplanting
of 21 days
seedling by
hands or
machine
Spacing 22.5x22.5 cm
Use of Renewable Energy or Solar Power Energy
Wind and Solar Hybrid System
Sprayer with Solar Panel
Solar Hybrid System
Insect Trap with Solar Panel
Hydroponics Unit
Demonstration of Hydroponics
1.Growing of crops lettuce &
cabbage in water ( Stagnated & NFT
( Nutrient Film technique) .
TV Show on ABP Maza Channel
Thank you