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Chapter 23 Science Vocabulary Acceleration - change in velocity divided by the amount of time needed for that change to take place; occurs when an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction Balanced forces – forces that are equal but opposite in direction; when they act on an object, they cancel each other out, and no change occurs in the object’s motion. Displacement – distance and direction from a starting point to an ending point First law of motion – states that an object will remain at rest or move in a straight line at a constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force Force – push or a pull; has a size and direction Friction – force between two surfaces in contact that resists the sliding of the surfaces past each other. Gravitational force – force that every object exerts on every other object; depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them. Second law of motion – states that an object acted on by an unbalanced force will accelerate in the direction of the force with an acceleration equal to the force divided by the object’s mass. Speed – equals the distance traveled divided by the time needed to travel that distance. Third law of motion – states that forces act in equal but opposite pairs. unbalanced forces – unequal forces that do not cancel when acting on an object and cause a change in the object’s motion. Velocity – speed and direction of a moving body/ average velocity equals the displacement divided by the time. Chapter 23 Newton’s Laws of Motion Vocabulary WORD DEFINITION push or a pull; has a size and direction states that forces act in equal but opposite pairs change in velocity divided by the amount of time needed for that change to take place; occurs when an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction force that every object exerts on every other object; depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them. unequal forces that do not cancel when acting on an object and cause a change in the object’s motion distance and direction from a starting point to an ending point speed and direction of a moving body/ average velocity equals the displacement divided by the time states that an object will remain at rest or move in a straight line at a constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force states that an object acted on by an unbalanced force will accelerate in the direction of the force with an acceleration equal to the force divided by the object’s mass forces that are equal but opposite in direction; when they act on an object, they cancel each other out, and no change occurs in the object’s motion. equals the distance traveled divided by the time needed to travel that distance force between two surfaces in contact that resists the sliding of the surfaces past each other PICTURE