Download 1st SW grammar packet 2016

1st SW Grammar Practice
______________________
English I PreAP/GT
2015
Name_____________________________________
Table of Contents
Practice #1:
Identifying Parts of Speech
Pg 3
Practice #2:
Determining Parts of Speech
Pg 4
Practice #3:
Finding the Subject
Pg 5
Practice #4:
Identifying Compound Subjects and Verbs
Pg 6
Practice #5:
Creating Compound Sentence Parts
Pg 7
Practice #6:
Identifying Phrases
Pg 8
Practice #7:
Identifying Prepositional Phrases
Pg 9
Practice #8:
Identifying Adjective and Adverb Phrases
Practice #9:
Identifying Participles
Pg 10
Pg 11
Practice #10:
Identifying Participle Phrases
Pg 12
Practice #11:
Identifying Participles and Participle Phrases
Pg 13
Practice #12:
Identifying Gerunds
Pg 14
Practice #13:
Identifying Gerund Phrases
Pg 15
Practice #14:
Identifying Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
Pg 16
Practice #15:
Distinguishing Participle and Gerund Phrases
Pg 17
Practice #16:
Distinguishing Sentences from Fragments
Pg 18
Practice #17:
Correcting Sentence Fragments
Pg 19
Practice #18: Correction Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers
Pg 21
Practice #19:
Multiple Choice Revising and Editing: Longer
Lunch, Please!
2
Pg 23
Practice #1: Identifying Parts of Speech
Directions: In the following sentences, identify the part of speech of each underlined word or word group by
writing above it one of these abbreviations.
N for noun
PRO for pronoun
ADJ for adjective
V for verb
ADV for adverb
PREP for preposition
C for conjunction
I for interjection
N
Example
PRO
Every night, my family and I have what we call “talk time.”
Warm Up
1. This is an important time for all of us.
4. Mom or Dad asks him some questions.
2. We discuss what we have done during the day.
5. “Oh, I remember now,” my brother eventually
says.
3. It’s usually hard for my brother to recall what
he did.
Homework
6. Then he begins telling about his morning adventures.
7. He often becomes quite lively when he talks about them.
8. Some of my brother’s stories sound silly to me.
9. I sometimes become impatient because I want to talk about my day at school.
10. I start with tales about the ride on the school bus in the morning.
Extra Practice
11. Then I tell about all of the classes I have.
12. My best friend, Cheryl, and I have every class together.
13. My favorite subjects are history and science, so I usually tell my family a great deal about those classes.
14. I have a lot to say when my history class has gone on a field trip or my science class has performed an
experiment.
15. My brother generally shouts, “No more stories about fossils and explosions!”
16. My mother often has said to my brother, “Let your sister finish her story.”
17. In addition to telling about my classes and extracurricular activities, I tell my parents what I do at lunch.
18. Frequently, one story leads to the next one and then to the next and the next.
19. As I keep going from one story to another, big grins appear on my parents’ faces.
20. When I ask why they are grinning, they reply, “Well, wouldn’t you like to hear a little about our day?”
3
Practice #2: Determining Parts of Speech
Noun
Adverb
Preposition
The way a word is used in a sentence determines what part of speech it is.
Are these soft pillows filled with down?
If you write things down, you may recall them more easily.
The two squirrels scurried up and down the tree.
Directions: In the following sentences, identify the part of speech of each underlined word or word group by writing
above it one of these abbreviations.
N for noun
PRO for pronoun
ADJ for adjective
V for verb
ADV for adverb
PREP for preposition
C for conjunction
I for interjection
N
Example
Would you like to have another enchilada?
ADJ
Is that enchilada sauce hot or mild?
Warm Up
1. Marianne exhibited her model spacecraft at the
science fair.
4. At what time did you stop by?
2. How long did it take Marianne to build the
model?
6. Substitute these new art supplies for your old
ones.
5. These are extremely tasty pears.
3. We stopped by your house, but you weren’t
home.
Homework
7. Doesn’t Ms. Napoli coach the girls’ basketball
team?
10. Actually, Bethany came to the meeting, but she
left early.
8. She is also the coach of the girls’ swim team.
11. Are you a member of the student council?
9. Everyone but Bethany was at the meeting.
12. The council members meet twice a month.
Extra Practice
13. All of the volunteers at the fundraiser were a big help.
14. Selena always volunteers to help.
15. I left my books inside on the table.
16. I left my books inside my locker.
17. That painting must be extremely valuable.
18. That must be an extremely valuable painting.
19. Well, that seems like a good idea.
20. Don’t you think that everyone on the team played well?
4
Practice #3: Finding the Subject
The subject of a sentence will never come after a preposition.
Example
Three of the animals are at the watering hole. [Three is the subject. Animals comes after the
preposition of, so it cannot be the subject of this sentence. When identifying the subject, mentally
or literally cross out prepositional phrases-like the one above-to avoid confusion.]
Questions often begin with a verb, a helping verb, or a word such as what, when, where, which, how, or why. The subject
of a question may follow the verb or may come between the helping verb and the main verb.
Example
In which country does the largest herd live? [The subject herd comes between the helping verb does
and the main verb live. To identify the subject in a question, simply rearrange the words: The largest
herd lives in which country?]
The word there or here is almost never the subject of a sentence. To find the subject, ask “Who?” or “What?” before the
verb.
Example
There are two species of African rhinoceroses. [What are? Species are.]
Directions: In each of the following sentences, circle the subject of the underlined verb.
Example
How many kinds of rhinoceroses exist in the world?
Warm Up
1. There are five types of rhinoceroses. [Hint: What are there?]
2. What are the two types of African rhinoceroses called? [Hint: What are called?]
3. Here are some pictures of the black rhinoceros. [Hint: What are here?]
4. Where did the name for the black rhinoceros originate? [Hint: What did originate?]
5. Can these rhinoceroses really uproot bushes and small trees? [Hint: What can uproot?]
Homework
6. For what reasons are these African rhinoceroses in need of protection? [Hint: What are in need of protection?]
7. There is much interest in the black rhinoceros of Africa. [Hint: What is there?]
8. Is poaching affecting the survival rate of the black rhinoceros? [Hint: What is affecting?]
9. How have people like Kenneth Manyangadze helped the black rhinoceros? [Hint: Who have helped?]
10. Will Save Valley Wildlife Conservancy provide a safe home for African rhinoceroses? [Hint: What will provide?]
Extra Practice
11. In the preserve, there is a special area for the black rhinoceroses.
12. Where did Manyangadze see that two-ton female black rhinoceroses?
13. How have volunteers saved some black rhinoceroses from poachers?
14. Here is a helpful tracking device.
15. In what ways can a tracking collar pinpoint the location of a rhinoceros in the wild?
Practice #4: Identifying Compound Subjects and Verbs
 A compound subject consists of two or more subjects that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same verb.
 A compound verb consists of two or more verbs that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same subject.
 A sentence may contain both a compound subject and compound verb.
Compound Subject
Both Blanca and Kevin want to become architects.
Compound Verb Can you sing or play a musical instrument?
Both
Janetta and Ahmad carefully performed the experiment and recorded the results.
Directions: In each of the following sentences, draw one line under each subject and two lines under each verb.
Example
Blue and white are our school colors.
Warm Up
1. That store not only sells but also repairs computer equipment.
2. Both the blue whale and the humpback are endangered species.
3. At the Freshmen Follies, Lucia and Ramon sang a duet.
4. Either Androcles and the Lion or A Midsummer Night’s Dream will be our school’s spring play.
5. Alex and Isaac left for summer camp this morning and will be there for two weeks.
Homework
6. The committee discussed the problem but proposed no viable solution.
7. The table and chairs on the patio are in need of repair.
8. I will talk to my guidance counselor and then I will make my decision.
9. Gnats and mosquitoes were unusually troublesome last summer.
10. Lin Sing and Jalene saw the movie and have been talking about it ever since.
Extra Practice
11. The piano or the book case has to go.
12. Neither the pillows nor the curtains match the couch.
13. Mike either lies all the time or has the most extraordinary life I’ve every seen.
14. Potato chips and cupcakes are bad for you.
15. Beth and Kendra read very slowly and don’t always comprehend what they’re reading.
16. The boots by the door and the flip-flops in the living room need to be cleaned and put away.
17. Anyone on the soccer team and anybody on the basketball team is eligible for the scholarship.
18. The victim sprayed her assailant with pepper spray, punched him in the nose, and ran away.
19. Someone either hit my car with a shopping basket or backed into it as they were leaving.
20. We have neither seen each other nor spoken since our first date.
6
Practice #5: Creating Compound Sentence Parts
Directions: Combine each of the following sets of short sentences into a single sentence. Make sure that each sentence
has a compound subject, a compound verb, or both. Write your revised sentences on the lines provided.
Example
Wolves are canines, like dogs. Coyotes are canines, like dogs.
Wolves and coyotes are canines, like dogs._______________
Warm Up
1. Wolves are carnivorous mammals. Coyotes are carnivorous mammals.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Wolves and coyotes sometimes live alone. Wolves and coyotes always hunt for large pretty in packs.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Homework
3. Wolves attack weaker animals, preventing overpopulation of some species. Coyotes attack weaker animals,
preventing overpopulation of some species.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Coyotes are thought to mate for life. They may accept another mate if their first mate leaves.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Extra Practice
5. A wolf pack consists of an adult pair and their offspring. A wolf pack usually numbers from five to nine
animals.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Litter sizes vary somewhat. They normally range from five to nine pups for both wolves and coyotes.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Both male wolves and male coyotes help feed the young. Both male wolves and male coyotes help
protect secluded dens.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
8. By howling, wolves and coyotes announce territorial changes. By howling, wolves and coyotes also call
pack members together for a hunt.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7
Practice #6: Identifying Phrases
 A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does NOT contain both a verb
and its subject.
Examples
would have arrived [no subject]
in the deep blue sea [no subject or verb]
Directions: On the line provided, write P if the word group is a phrase or NP if it is not a phrase.
Example __P__ throughout the seventeenth century
Warm Up
Homework
_____1. in the government
_____11. before the American revolution
_____2. Rhode Island was a charter colony
_____12. along the Atlantic coast
_____3. granting a charter
_____13. in Narragansett Bay
_____4. without representation
_____14. it became a thriving center
_____5. a charter was written
_____15. among the colonies
_____6. the colonies united
_____16. to settle the colony
_____7. they leave early
_____17. in the dense forests
_____8. in Providence
_____18. the banishing of the colonists
_____9. the revolution began
_____19. for religious freedom
_____10. in the public interest
_____20. many years have passed
Extra Practice
Directions: On the line provided, write P if the underlined word group is a phrase or NP if it is not a phrase.
_____21. In 1845, two Englishmen built an aircraft powered by a lightweight steam engine.
_____22. The Englishmen used a steam engine, the only type of engine available at that time.
_____23. Working with an unsuitable engine, the plane never got off the ground.
_____24. An engine is needed to fly a long distance.
_____25. Many inventors had been working on the problem of an airplane engine.
_____26. Lacking an engine, a glider could stay afloat for only a short time.
_____27. Over the next fifty years, people tried to make steam-powered planes fly.
_____28. Do you know what kind of engine was successful?
_____29. Inventing compact gas engines made airplane flight possible.
_____30. It would take many years before that invention occurred.
8
Practice #7: Identifying Prepositional Phrases
 A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object.
Examples
at the hobby shop
because of them
Directions: Underline the prepositional phrases in the following sentences. Then, circle the object of each preposition.
Hint: Some sentences have more than one prepositional phrase.
Example Stamp collecting involves citizens with their government.
Warm Up
1. What is the story behind a United States commemorative stamp?
2. A citizen submits to the Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee an idea for a new stamp.
3. Members of this committee are artists, stamp collectors, and business persons.
4. First, the idea for the new design is approved by the committee.
5. Then the idea is sent to the postmaster general.
Homework
6. Without the approval of these two parties, the stamp cannot be created.
7. The next step in the process is the selection of an artist.
8. The chosen artist gives the design to an artist from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing.
9. From this artwork, the bureau’s artist completes the design of the stamp.
10. The new stamp will include the abbreviation for the United States of America, the price of the stamp, and a title
that tells about the stamp.
Extra Practice
Directions: On the line provided, add at least one prepositional phrase to each of the following sentences.
Example _____At six o’clock in the morning_____, we began our road trip to Atlanta.
11. We had been traveling ________________________________________________________________ for hours.
12. We had finally reached the state line ____________________________________________________________.
13. _______________________________________________________________________ we were ready for lunch.
14. We stopped __________________________________________________to eat the sandwiches we had bought.
15. _____________________________________________________________________we were quite comfortable.
9
Practice #8: Identifying Adjective and Adverb Phrases


A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun is called an adjective phrase.
A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb is called an adverb phrase.
Adjective Phrase The house with the driveway of red brick is ours.
Adverb Phrase After school I rode my bicycle to a friend’s house.
Directions: On the line provided, identify the underlined prepositional phrase by writing ADJ for adjective phrase ADV for
adverb phrase. Then draw an arrow from each underlined prepositional phrase to the word it modifies.
Example
__ADJ__
At her first Olympic competition, Sonja Henie was eleven years old.
Warm Up
______ 1. Sonja was the daughter of a Norwegian fur dealer.
______ 2. Trained as an ice skater, she competed in the 1924 Olympics at age eleven.
______ 3. Her costume, a knee-length, flared skirt, made an impression on observers.
______ 4. This skirt might have been considered improper on an adult.
______ 5. However, opinions at the Olympics four years later had changed.
Homework
______ 6. Sonja left the 1928 Olympics with her first gold medal.
______ 7. Sonja introduced the elements of dance and showmanship to skating.
______ 8. Furthermore, Sonja did jumps that had only been performed by men.
______ 9. Sonja preferred to be treated like someone of great celebrity.
______10. She was considered temperamental by many.
Extra Practice
Directions: For each sentence below, underline each adjective phrase once and underline each adverb phrase twice.
Example
On weekends, many members of my family enjoy ice-skating.
11. Last winter we went to the ice-skating rink many times.
12. Once, my cousins Sarah and Cameron came with us.
13. The ice-skating rink in their hometown closed a few years ago.
14. My mother did figure eights in the center of the rink.
15. Sarah and Cameron especially enjoyed the music from the 1950s.
10
Practice #9: Identifying Participles
A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.
-Present participles end in –ing.
The screaming fans spurred the team to victory. [Screaming modifies the noun fans.]
-Past participles end in –d or –ed. Other past participles are formed irregularly.
This restaurant’s specialty is grilled salmon. [Grilled modifies the noun salmon.]
The lake appears frozen. [Frozen modifies the noun lake.]
Directions: In each of the following sentences, underline the participle that is used as an adjective. Then, draw an arrow
from the participle to the word it modifies.
Example
During the trial, the defendant recanted his signed confession.
Warm Up
1. The pacing lion made us nervous.
2. A part of the broken bat nearly hit the runner on third base.
3. Our football team had a winning season.
4. The hunted animal camouflaged itself.
5. All new employees must first complete a six-week training program.
Homework
6. The road sign read, “Watch for falling rocks!”
7. I had forgotten to add diced onions to the salad.
8. One movie critic called the movie disturbing.
9. Throughout the storm the little puppy remained under the bed, whimpering.
10. Would you please remove the whistling tea kettle from the burner?
Extra Practice
11. Typed hastily, the report contained several errors.
12. Harper Lee’s only published novel is To Kill a Mockingbird.
13. Our cat’s paw prints appear all over the freshly painted picnic table.
14. Startled, the young deer bounded across the creek.
15. Lying in the shade, the dog quickly fell asleep.
16. Lifting the piano, the worker pulled a muscle in his back.
17. When I proofread my report, I found two misspelled words.
18. On the windshield of every parked vehicle was an advertisement for the county fair.
19. The interviewer asked the celebrated author about her recent novel.
20. According to the legend, no one ever found the buried treasure.
11
Practice #10: Identifying Participle Phrases
A participle phrase is used as an adjective and consists of a participle and any complements or modifiers the
participle has.
Examples We just saw Carlos playing soccer in the park. [The participle phrase, which consists of the present
participle playing, the direct object soccer, and the prepositional phrase in the park, modifies the noun
Carlos.]
The crew of the space shuttle launched on Friday will repair the satellite. [The participle phrase,
which consists of the past participle launched and the prepositional phrase on Friday, modifies the
noun space shuttle.]
Directions: In each of the following sentences, underline the participle that is used as an adjective. Then, draw an arrow
from the participle to the word it modifies.
Example
Climbing over the fence, the scout leader ripped his uniform.
Warm Up
1. On vacation we stayed at an inn built in the late eighteenth century.
2. Working for the florist, Langston learned about many varieties of plants.
3. The woman standing behind the podium is Ms. Kwan, our principal.
4. Is a baseball card autographed by Sammy Sosa very valuable?
5. The dog, searching for food, roamed the neighborhood.
Homework
6. Through my binoculars I spotted a hummingbird feeding on the nectar of a gladiolus.
7. The horse, walking slowly, approached the trainer.
8. We saw ahead of us a deer leaping across the highway.
9. The students, disturbed by the noise outside, could not concentrate on their class work.
10. Walking along the beach, we looked for colorful seashells.
Extra Practice
11. Ontario, situated between Quebec and Manitoba, is Canada’s most populous province.
12. Some literary critics consider that novel the best one ever written.
13. Walking through my new neighborhood, I me many friendly people.
14. Complete about 1506, Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece, now hangs in the Louvre.
15. Glenn found on the Internet several good articles related to the topic of his science report.
16. Blowing her whistle, the lifeguard signaled the swimmers to get out of the pool.
17. Enchanted by the story, the children pleaded with Mr. Torres to tell another.
18. The student sitting at the first desk in the second row is an exchange student from Brazil.
19. Boarding Air Force One, the president smiled and waved at the enthusiastic crowd.
20. Training hard, the gymnasts practiced their floor exercises.
12
Practice #11: Identifying Participles and Participle Phrases
Directions: In each of the following sentences circle the participle and draw an arrow from the participle to the word it
modifies.
Example
Soaring ticket sales made the team owners happy.
Warm Up
1. The participating players gathered on the field.
2. Cheering fans shouted the names of favorite players.
3. When Reginald came on the field, the delighted crowd roared.
4. Swaggering, he waved to the crowd.
5. Later, the winning team rushed off the field.
Homework
Directions: In each of the following sentences underline the participle phrase and draw an arrow from the phrase to the
word it modifies.
Example
Sifted at the site, the mounds of dirt yielded pieces of pottery and glass.
6. The archaeologist worked slowly, examining each particle of dirt carefully.
7. Artifacts buried at the site were valuable.
8. Serving as clues to early life, artifacts are like puzzle pieces.
9. The archaeologist, recording all efforts and observations, logged her progress.
10. A computer, given certain data, can help her date her findings.
Extra Practice
11. We saw the archaeologist brushing dirt off an old statue.
12. Examining the statue, the archaeologist estimated its value.
13. Doesn’t this artifact resemble one uncovered earlier?
14. Everyone working at the archaeological excavation was learning a great deal about the past.
15. An archaeological excavation would be an exciting experience for anyone interested in past cultures.
13
Practice #12: Identifying Gerunds
A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun.
Gerunds can be used the same way as any other noun; they can be used as subjects, objects, and predicate nominatives.
Examples
Writing requires patience. [subject]
My hobby is writing. [predicate nominative]
I enjoy writing. [direct object]
Directions: In each of the following sentences, circle the gerund that is used as a noun.
Example
Jogging is an excellent aerobic exercise.
Warm Up
1. My favorite pastime is stargazing.
2. After Dad and I grew tired of shopping, we went to a movie.
3. Do you enjoy fishing?
4. Teaching is a noble profession.
5. You should give careful proofreading more attention.
Homework
6. Either team has a good chance of winning.
7. Laughing easily helps to relieve stress.
8. I am not looking forward to moving.
9. The puppy’s constant whimpering worried us.
10. The baby sitter talked to the children about the importance of sharing.
Extra Practice
11. What does your mother do for a living?
12. A sizable part of the corporation’s budget is spent on advertising.
13. My favorite pastime is definitely reading.
14. Helping makes me feel good, too.
15. Loitering is not allowed.
16. Dancing is an important part of the ceremony.
17. Whistling always lifts my spirits.
18. One should never stop dreaming.
14
Practice #13: Identifying Gerund Phrases
A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has. The entire phrase is used
as a noun.
Like other nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases are used as subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, indirect
objects, or objects of a preposition.
Examples
Walking briskly is good exercise. [subject]
How much did the mechanic charge for repairing the car? [object of the preposition]
Directions: Underline the gerund phrase in each of the following sentences.
Example
He was four years old when he began playing golf.
Warm Up
1. Feeding the animals at the petting zoo was fun.
2. Meryl’s hobby is raising tropical fish.
3. The Wildcats have a good chance of becoming state champions.
4. Every day, I get a good workout by walking through the park.
5. One of my weekly chores is cleaning the gerbil cage.
Homework
6. After talking to her guidance counselor, Katrina decided to take a course in auto mechanics.
7. Climbing to the summit of the mountain took the explorers nearly a week.
8. Finding a good part-time job has been difficult.
9. Your mistake was making a promise that you could not keep.
10. The artist James Whistler is best known for painting a portrait of his mother.
Extra Practice
11. As soon as I came home, I started studying for the math test.
12. Would you be interested in trying out for the school’s soccer team?
13. We especially enjoyed dining in the exotic atmosphere of the Rainforest Café.
14. We should make saving money for the trip our top priority.
15. Chris’s responsibility is supervising the other workers.
16. Pablo and I are in charge of planning the family reunion.
17. At the age of six, Len began taking karate lessons.
18. Only one of my friends succeeded in tricking me on April Fool’s Day.
19. The highlight of our visit to Washington D.C., was touring the Smithsonian Institution.
20. Our class is looking forward to taking a field trip.
15
Practice #14: Identifying Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
Directions: Circle the gerund in each of the following sentences.
Example
I learned cooking from my father.
Warm Up
1. Moving is a big job and takes time.
2. What is the point of hurrying?
3. Singing is a tradition in our family.
4. Was there a good reason for the scolding?
5. His favorite outdoor chore is mowing.
Homework
6. Ms. Santora enjoys teaching.
7. We like bowling.
8. The most popular sport around here is hiking.
9. Rena and Opal both love ice skating.
10. To earn extra money, we could give pet sitting a try.
Extra Practice
Directions: Underline the gerund phrase in each of the following sentences.
11. Founding Hull House was one of Jane Addams’s greatest achievements.
12. She began her work by obtaining a large, old house.
13. Her work was encouraging people who lived in the slums to improve their lives.
14. She also provided training in social work.
15. Another of Addams’s achievements was receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
16
Practice #15: Distinguishing Between Participle and Gerund Phrases
REMEMBER…
A participle phrase is used as an adjective and consists of a participle and any complements or modifiers the
participle has.
Example
Restoring the historic home, the new owners discovered some valuable artifacts.
A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has. The entire phrase is
used as a noun.
Example
Restoring the historic home will cost about fifty thousand dollars. [subject]
Directions: In each of the following sentences, identify the underlined phrase by writing above it P for participle phrase
or G for gerund phrase.
Example
G
The dog would not stop barking at the snake.
Warm Up
1. The tour guide took snapshots of us standing in front of the Aztec pyramid.
2. Raising money for new uniforms proved more difficult than the band members had expected.
3. The scouts are looking forward to exploring the cavern.
4. Creating the family tree with his grandfather, Derek learned a great deal about his ancestors.
5. As treasurer, Jody is responsible for collecting the membership dues.
Homework
6. A cloud of black smoke rising above the treetops alarmed the campers.
7. In our spare time, Sarita and I enjoy making beaded moccasins.
8. Packing for my trip to the beach, I suddenly remembered that I hadn’t bought any sunscreen.
9. Flying over the mountains in a helicopter was very exciting.
10. One of my duties as stage manager is giving the actors their cues.
Extra Practice
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Flying from Washington, D.C., to San Diego, California, we traveled through four time zones.
I wrote my pen pal a letter telling her about the fiesta.
Darcy is writing a poem about picking apples.
A snake slithering through the grass frightened the horse away.
With everyone offering me different advice, I became more confused than ever.
Planning activities for the school carnival was no easy task.
The name Ohio is an Iriquois word meaning “fine or great river.”
When did you start taking tai chi lessons.
Winning the game would certainly boost our team’s morale.
Everyone tried solving the riddle, but only Diego was successful.
17
Practice #16: Sentences and Sentence Fragments
 A sentence is a word or word group that contains a subject and a verb and that expresses a complete thought.
 A sentence fragment is a word or word group that is capitalized and punctuated as a sentence but that does not
contain both a subject and verb or does not express a complete thought.
Fragment
Bears extremely protective of their young. [no verb]
Fragment
According to the film we saw. [incomplete thought]
Sentence
According to the film we saw, bears are extremely protective of their young.
Directions: Identify each of the following groups of words as a sentence or a sentence fragment. On the line provided,
write S for sentence and F for fragment.
Example
__F__Once frightened by a bear.
Warm Up
Homework
_____1.Bears are classified as carnivores, or meat eaters.
_____6.Bears can identify sounds at a great distance.
_____2.Also enjoy feeding on plants and honey.
_____7.Their most acute sense is that of smell.
_____3.Because they are myopic, or nearsighted.
_____8.The tracks left by the bear’s prey.
_____4.Bears have difficulty seeing objects that are far away.
_____9.The small prey unable to escape.
_____5.Their keen sense of hearing, which makes up for their
_____10.Bears are powerful predators.
limited vision.
Extra Practice
21. _____The muscles in the upper part of a large bear’s front legs. Why?
22. _____Bears are native to four continents. Why?
23. _____North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Why?
24. _____In North America, which includes the United States. Why?
25. _____In North America live the brown bear, the grizzly bear, and the American black bear. Why?
26. _____Alaska is the home of the largest brown bear, the Kodiak bear. Why?
27. _____The Kodiak bear, which may reach a weight of 1,700 pounds and a length of 10 feet. W hy?
28. _____Native to Asia is the Malayan sun bear. Why?
29. _____The Malayan sun bear, smaller than any other species of bear. Why?
30. _____Inhabiting the mountain forests of South America is the spectacled bear. Why?
18
Practice #17: Correcting Sentence Fragments
Directions: Correct each of the sentence fragments below by adding the missing part-subject, verb, or both. Write your
revised sentence on the lines provided.
Example
Pamplona, Spain, the site of Las Fiestas de San Fermin.
Pamplona, Spain is the site of Las Fiestas de San Fermin.______________________________________
Warm Up
1.
This annual week-long celebration at noon on July 6.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. After a fireworks mortar has been fired.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Perhaps the best-known part of the festival the daily running of the bulls.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Homework
4. Begins promptly at 8:00 AM.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Block off several streets.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. One of which is the Calle de la Estafeta.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
19
Extra Practice
7. Traditionally, ahead of the bulls.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Runs a crowd of young men.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
9. The daring runners wearing white shirts and pants and red bandannas and sashes.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Each day at noon, through the city’s streets several people in elaborate costumes.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
11. The two people wearing tall costumes.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Other costumes, which include enormous heads.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Especially enjoying this part of the festivities.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
14. If you’ve ever heard of Las Fiestas de San Fermin.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
20
Practice #18: Correcting Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers
Dangling modifiers are words or phrases for which the word they are modifying is unclear. Often they can
be found at the beginning of sentences, though they can also appear at the end. They frequently include an
–ing word (gerund) and to + a verb (an infinitive) phrase near the start of the sentence.
At the age of six, my mother sang hymns to me. [This makes it sound like the mother was six years old
when she sang the hymns.
 When I was six, my mother sang hymns to me.
A misplaced modifier is a word or phrase that does not clearly point to the word or phrase it modifies,
usually because it is not next to that word or phrase.
We were told at midnight the concert would begin. [This makes it sound like the audience wasn’t told
when the concert would begin until midnight.]
 We were told the concert would begin at midnight.
Directions: Correct each of the sentences below by rearranging the words so that modifiers are next to the word they are
modifying. Write the revised sentence on the lines provided.
Example
I showed my dog to the veterinarian with fleas.
I showed my dog with fleas to the veterinarian.___ __________________________________________
Warm Up
1.
Larry told me he was getting married that afternoon at night.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Swimming out into the sea, the current grew stronger.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The Honda was stalled on the road out of oil.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Walking along the bridge, a ship suddenly appeared.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
21
Homework
5. He kept a book of all the girls he had dated in his desk.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. While at the park, the sun shone brightly on the sunbathers.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. He kept all the medicine in the medicine cabinet that had been prescribed for him.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
8. When only a baby, mom took me scuba diving.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Extra Practice
9. The man was stopped for speeding in the blue sweater.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Every four hours the doctor told him to take a pill.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Reaching into the cupboard, I found a bag of cookies.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
12. The cat was rescued after the building had been set on fire by a fireman.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
22
Practice #19: Multiple Choice Revising and Editing
Read the selection and choose the best answer to each question. Then fill in the answer on your answer document. Leah
feels that students are not offered enough time for lunch. She has written this paper to express her opinion and to
convince others of the need for longer lunch breaks. Read Leah’s paper and look for the revisions she should make. Then
answer the questions that follow.
Longer Lunch, Please!
(1)The teachers and administrators at our school often say they want students to be more focused and engaged in
class. (2) I have a suggestion that would address this concern: shorten each class period by three minutes and add that
time to the school lunch period. (3) I am convinced that students would do better in school if they had a midday break
that allowed them enough time to eat a good meal and need to recharge their brains with physical activity.
(4) With the current high school schedule, most students have just 30 minutes for lunch. (5) Because they have to
travel to and from the cafeteria and stand in line, some students are left with just 10 minutes to scarf down their lunch.
(6) When students are rushed, they are more likely to make unhealthy choices. (7) When students are rushed, they are
more likely to see a decline in their grades. (8)According to a 2008 study published in the Journal of School Health. (9)
Diet quality is associated with academic performance. (10) In other words, eating an unhealthy lunch could negatively
affect how well a student does in school. (11) Giving students more time to select and enjoy a healthy meal would
therefore boost grades.
(12) Furthermore, learning hard work. (13) In order for the brain to be able to do all this work, the brain’s cells must
make certain connections. (14) Research shows that exercise stimulates these connections, but many students before or
after school have schedules that are too full to include exercise. (15) A longer lunch break would allow students time in
the gym to take a walk around the track or play some basketball. (16) Students would surely be more ready to focus on
afternoon studies if they were given the chance at lunch to get some much-needed exercise.
(17) Parents, teachers, and administrators expect a lot from students. (18) Certain conditions must be met for
students to live up to these expectations. (19) An extra 20 minutes added to the lunch break would give students
enough time to eat a nutritious meal and get some exercise. (20) I believe that if students had this opportunity, they
would be more motivated and alert in their afternoon classes, and overall promotion would improve.
23
1.
What is the most effective revision to make in sentence 3?
A. I am convinced that students would do better in school if they had a midday break that allowed them enough
time to eat a good meal and that allowed them enough time to recharge their brains with physical activity.
B. I am convinced that students would do better in school if they had a midday break that allowed them enough
time to eat a good meal and recharge their brains with physical activity.
C. I am convinced that students would do better in school if they had a midday break that allowed them enough
time to eat a good meal that recharged their brains with physical activity.
D. I am convinced that students would do better in school if they had a midday break that allowed them enough
time to eat a good meal because they need to recharge their brains with physical activity.
2.
Leah wants to add the following idea to the second paragraph (sentences 4–9). Some resort to the faster à la
carte line to grab chips and a drink; others skip lunch altogether. Reread the paragraph carefully. Where is the
most effective place to add this sentence?
A. After sentence 6
B. After sentence 7
C. After sentence 8
D. After sentence 9
3.
What is the best way to combine sentences 6 and 7?
A. When students are rushed, they are more likely to make unhealthy choices and they are more likely to see a
decline in their grades.
B. When students are rushed, they are more likely to make unhealthy choices decline in their grades.
C. When students are rushed, they are more likely to make unhealthy choices; when students are rushed, they are
more likely to see a decline in their grades.
D. When students are rushed, they are more likely to make unhealthy choices and therefore more likely to see a
decline in their grades.
4.
What is the best way to revise sentence 8?
A. Combine it with sentence 7.
B. Combine it with sentence 9.
C. Delete it.
D. Make no change.
5.
Leah wants to add some detail to the idea she expressed in sentence 10. Which of these sentences could best
follow and support sentence 10?
A. It can be exhausting and draining.
B. In the first three hours of the school day, a student might be asked to solve a linear equation, analyze a scene
from a play by Shakespeare, and memorize the parts of a cell.
C. Once I had to work on a set of math problems all afternoon, and by the end of the day, I was ready to take a long
nap.
D. Some scientists believe that what we eat is related to our willingness and ability to work hard enough to achieve
success.
24
6.
Leah would like to provide some strong evidence to support the ideas she is proposing in the third paragraph
(sentences 12–16). Read the following quotations and analyze the information presented in each. Which
quotation would be best to insert after sentence 15 to add credibility to the ideas in this paragraph?
A. According to Dr. John Ratey, a professor at Harvard Medical School, “exercise provides an unparalleled stimulus,
creating an environment in which the brain is ready, willing, and able to learn.”
B. Thomas Edison once said, “The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but instead will interest his patients in
the care of the human frame, in diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease.”
C. In the preamble to its constitution, the World Health Organization states, “Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
D. Plato, a philosopher who lived more than 2,000 years ago, wrote, “Lack of activity destroys the good condition
of every human being, while movement and methodical physical exercise save it and preserve it.”
7.
What is the best way to revise sentence 12?
A. Furthermore, learning is hard work.
B. However, learning is hard work.
C. Because learning hard work.
D. Make no revision.
8.
What is the best way to revise sentence 14?
A. Research shows that exercise stimulates these connections, but before or after school many students have
schedules that are too full to include exercise.
B. Research shows that exercise stimulates these connections, but many students have schedules that are too full
to include exercise before or after school.
C. Research shows that exercise stimulates these connections, but many students have schedules that are too full
to include before or after school exercise.
D. Make no revision.
9.
What is the best way to revise sentence 15?
A. A longer lunch break would allow students time to take a walk in the gym around the track or play some
basketball.
B. A longer lunch break in the gym would allow students time to take a walk around the track or play some
basketball.
C. A longer lunch break would allow students time to take a walk around the track or play some basketball in the
gym.
D. No revision is necessary.
10. Leah has not used the best choice of words in sentence 20. What change should she make?
A. Change opportunity to planning
B. Change alert to conscious
C. Change promotion to performance
D. Change improve to develop
25