Download Medical Terminology Combining Form Combining Form With

Combining Form
v
Medical Terminology
v
v
Unit 7
Neurology, Audiology,
Anesthesiology, and Vascular
Terminology
v
v
v
v
Combining Form
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Blood
Fatty or Porridgelike
Germ, Embryonic
Involuntary Contraction
Hard
Breaking Down, Destruction
Fibrous, Fiber
v
v
v
v
v
v
Hem/o, Hemat/o
Ather/o
Blast/o
Spasm/o
Scler/o
Lys/o
Fibr/o
v
v
v
v
A spasm of a muscle
A spasm of a vessel
A spasm of a nerve
A spasm of an artery
A spasm of a stomach
v
v
v
v
v
My/o/spasm
Angi/o/spasm
Neur/o/spasm
Arteri/o/spasm
Gastr/o/spasm
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Neur/o
Angi/o
My/o
Arteri/o
Thromb/o
Phleb/o
Ven/i
With -blast
Neur/o/blast: A germ cell from which a nerve cell
develops
v Angi/o/blast: A germ cell from which vessels
develop
v My/o/blast: A germ cell from which a muscle cell
develops
v
With -spasm
v
Nerve or Neuron
Vessel
Muscle
Artery
Clot
Vein
Vein
Using -pathy
Angi/o/pathy: A generalized disease condition of
the vessels
v Neur/o/pathy: A generalized disease condition of
the nerves
v My/o/pathy: A generalized disease condition of the
muscles
v
1
Using -sclerosis
Neur/o + Suffix
Angi/o/scler/osis: A hardening of a vessel
v Neur/o/scler/osis: A (condition of) hardening of
nerve tissue
v My/o/scler/osis: A hardening of muscle tissue
v
Neur/o/logist: A specialist who studies nervous
system disorders
v Neur/o/logy: The study of the nervous system
v Neur/itis: Inflammation of a nerve
v Neur/o/surgeon: A physician who performs
surgery on or near nerves
v
Using -oma
v
v
v
v
A nerve tumor
A muscle tumor
A vessel tumor
A fibrous tumor
v
v
v
v
Using -lysis
Neur/oma
My/oma
Angi/oma
Fibr/oma
v
v
v
v
v
Destruction of muscle tissue
Destruction of nerve tissue
Destruction of vessels
Destruction of fat
Destruction of cells
v
v
v
v
v
My/o/lysis
Neur/o/lysis
Angi/o/lysis
Lip/o/lysis
Cyt/o/lysis
Arteri/o = Arteries
Arteri/o/scler/osis: Hardening of the arteries
Arteri/o/fibr/osis: A fibrous condition of the
arteries
v Arteri/o/malacia: A softening of the arteries
v
v
Red=Arteries
Blue=Veins
2
Ather/o = Fatty, Porridgelike
v
v
v
v
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation
Ather/o/scler/osis: Hardening of the blood vessels
caused by a fatty substance (atheroma)
Can decrease vascular supply causing ischemia (temporary
lack of blood flow) and necrosis (dead tissues), leading to
myocardial infarction (heart attack) or cerebral infarction
(stroke).
Ather/o/scler/o/tic coronary artery disease causes Angina
Pectoris
Ather/ectomy or End/arter/ectomy:
Excision of an ather/oma
v
Commonly performed on the carotid artery
Atherosclerosis à Myocardial Infarction
Hem/o, Hemat/o = Blood
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Hemangioma
Hem/angi/oma: A benign tumor of a blood vessel
Hem/angi/o/blast: An embryonic blood vessel cell
Hem/arthr/osis: A condition of blood in a joint
Hemat/o/lysis or hem/o/lysis: Destruction of blood cell
Hemat/o/phobia: An abnormal fear of blood
Hemat/o/logy: The study of blood
Hemat/o/logist: One who specializes in the science of blood
Thromb/o = Blood Clot
v
v
v
v
v
v
Thromb/o/angi/itis: Inflammation of a
vessel with formation of a blood clot
Thromb/ectomy: Excision of a thrombus
(clot)
Thrombus (singular): clot
Thrombi (plural): clots
Thromb/o/lymph/ang/itis: Inflammation
of a lymph vessel with formation of a
thrombus
Thromb/o/phleb/itis: Inflammation of a
vein with thrombus formation
v
Phleb/o = vein
3
Thromb/o = Blood Clot
Thromb /osis: A condition of forming a thrombus
Thromb /o/cyte: A cell that aids clotting
v Thromb /oid: Resembling a thrombus
v Thromb /o/gen/ic: Pertaining to the formation of a
thrombus
v Thromb /o/lysis: Destruction of a thrombus
v Thromb /o/cyt/o/penia: Lack of cells that aid in
clotting (platelets)
v
Thrombotic Events
v
v
A thrombus may occlude a vessel, causing
ischemia, producing an infarct. In heart muscle,
this condition is called myocardial infarction (MI).
v Occlusion
= Blockage in a vessel
= Necrosis of tissue due to ischemia
v Myocardial = Pertaining to heart muscles
v Myocardial infarction = A heart attack
v Infarction
v
If an cerebral artery is occluded, Cerebral Infarction
can occur
v Cerebral
infarction = CVA, stroke
Cerebral
Infarction
Embolic Events
v
A piece of thrombus may break off and move
through blood vessels to another part of the body.
This moving thrombus is called an “Embolus”.
Embolus can cause myocardial infarction or
cerebral infarction also.
Phleb/o = Vein
v Arteries
v Veins
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Phleb/o/scler/osis: Hardening of veins
Phleb/ectomy : Excision of a vein
v Phleb/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of a vein
v Phleb/o/plasty: Surgical repair of a vein
v Phleb/o/tomy: Incision into a vein, or venipuncture
(for blood draw)
v
v
4
Ven/o, Ven/i = Vein
Ven/i/puncture: A procedure performed to obtain a
venous blood samples
v Ven/ous: Pertaining to veins
v IV injection = Intravenous injection: injecting
inside vein
v
Angi/o/plasty : Repair of a vessel
v
v
i.e. Balloon angioplasty = PTCA (percutaneous transluminal
coronary angioplasty)
v
Angi/o/graphy: Process of obtaining an x-ray of a vessel
v
Angi/o/scopy: Process of using a looking device to
examine a vessel
v
Phleb/o/plasty : Repair of a vein
Phleb/o/graphy, Ven/o/graphy: Process of obtaining an xray of a vein
v
v
Angioplasty
i.e. coronary angiography
-ectasia = Stretching, Dilation
(PTCA= percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)
v
Dilation or Dilatation = Stretching or increase in
diameter
Phleb/ectasia: Venous dilatation (stretching)
Arteri/ectasia: Arterial dilatation
v Angi/ectasia: Vessel dilatation
v
v
-rrhexis = Rupture
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Rupture of the uterus
Rupture of the bladder
Rupture of the small
intestine
Rupture of the heart
Rupture of a vessel
Rupture of an artery
Rupture of a vein
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Hyster/o/rrhexis, Metr/o/rrhexis
Cyst/o/rrhexis
Enter/o/rrhexis
Cardi/o/rrhexis
Angi/o/rrhexis
Arteri/o/rrhexis
Phleb/o/rrhexis
“rrh” rrheview ( I mean review…)
-rrhea
-rrhagia
v -rrhaphy
v -rrhexis
Discharge or flow
Hemorrhage
v Suture
v Rupture
v
v
v
v
5
With hepat/o
Hepat/o/rrhexis: Rupture of the liver
v Hepat/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of the liver (wound)
v Hepat/o/rrhea: Excessive discharge of bile from
the liver
v
With Cyst/o
Cyst/o/rrhexis: Rupture of the bladder
v Cyst/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage from the bladder
v Cyst/o/rrhea: Discharge from the bladder
v Cyst/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of the bladder
v
Esthesia = Feeling, Sensation
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Esthesi/o/meter: A device for measuring tactile sensitivity
An/esthesi/a: Without or lack of sensation
An/esthesi/o/logy: Study or specialty of anesthesia
An/esthesi/o/logist: A physician specialist in anesthesia
An/esthet/ist: A person who administers anesthetic agents
An/esthet/ic: (n.) An agent that produces anesthesia. (adj.)
Pertaining to anesthesia.
Dys/esthesi/a: Abnormal sensation on the skin
Hypo/esthesi/a: A dulled sensitivity to touch
Algesia = Oversensitivity to Pain
Algesia = Hyper/esthesi/a = Oversensitivity to pain
v Alges/i/meter: Instrument used to measure pain
v Alges/ic: Pertaining to pain
v An/alges/ia: Condition without pain
v
Para- = Beside, Near, Abnormal
Analgesia
v Paralgesia
v Paralgia
v Paraplegia
v
v
Para/lysis
Without pain
v Abnormal pain
v Abnormal pain
v Paralysis of the lower
body
v Loss of muscle
function and sensation
v
Means beside, beyond, near, abnormal
v Para/nephr/itis: Inflammation near the kidney
v Para/hepat/itis: Inflammation near the liver
v Para/medic: Works beside a physician assisting in
rescue operation – EMT with advanced training
v Para/salping/itis: Inflammation near the fallopian
tubes
v Para/oste/o/arthr/o/pathy: Disease near a bone and
joint
v
6
Phas/o = Speech
Para/phasia: Abnormal speech (dysfunction)
v A/phasia: Unable to speak (without speech)
v Brady/phasia: Slow speech
v Tachy/phasia: Fast speech
v Dys/phasia: Difficulty speaking
v Phas/o/logy: The study of speech
v
Paroxysmal = Irritation
Paroxysmos = Irritation. A symptom that comes
suddenly. Occurring repeatedly and without
warning.
v Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND): Sudden
onset of shortness of breath at night
v
Combining Form
My/o
v Audi/o
v Phon/o
v Phas/o
v Kinesi/o
v
Muscle
v Hearing
v Voice, Vocal Sounds
v Speech
v Movement
v
Phon/o = Voice, Vocal Sounds
A/phonia: Unable to make sounds
v Dys/phonia: Weak voice
v Phon/ic: Pertaining to the voice
v Phon/o/meter: An instrument for measuring
intensity of vocal sounds
v Phon/o/logy: The study of voice or vocal sounds
v
My/o = Muscle
v
v
v
v
v
v
Myon = Muscle
My/o/card/itis: Inflammation of the heart muscle
My/o/gram: The chart/tracing of muscular contractions
My/o/graph: The instrument to record muscular
contractions
My/o/graphy: The process of recording muscular
contractions with myograph
My/asthenia gravis: A motor disorder/disease marked by
muscular fatigue and weakness.
Muscle Types
v
Rhabdomy/o
v
Covers: skeleton
Function: Skeletal movement
v
Covers: organs, vessels
v
Function: Movements of
liquids, gases, and solids
Myocardi/o
v
Cardiac
v
Covers: heart
Function: Maintain heartbeat
v
v
Leiomy/o
v
v
Striated (skeletal, voluntary)
v
Smooth (Visceral,
Involuntary)
v
7
My/o = Muscle
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
My/o/fibr/oma: A fibrous muscle tumor
Lei/o/my/oma uteri: Uterine fibroid tumor
My/o/metr/ium: Uterine muscle
My/oid : Resembling muscle
My/o/lip/oma: Muscle tumor containing fatty elements
My/o/pathy: Muscle disease
Cardi/o/my/o/pathy (or my/o/cardi/o/pathy): Heart muscle
disease
Kinesi/o = Movement or Motion
Brady/kinesia: Slowness of movement
v Kinesi/algia: Pain with movement
v Kinesi/o/logy: Study of muscular body movements
v
Abbreviation
v
AANA
AART
v
v
ACPMR
v
v
ADL
AE
AK
AOD
APTA
v
EMG
HA
HDL
IV
LDL
MD
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
American Association of Rehabilitation
Therapy
American Congress of Physical Medicine
and Rehabilitation
Activities of daily living
Above the elbow
Above the knee
Arterial occlusive disease
American Physical Therapy Association
Abbreviation
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
AS
ASCVD v
v
ASHD
v
BE
v
BK
v
CABG
v
CAD
v
CRNA
C-Section v
Arteriosclerosis, Left ear
Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Arteriosclerotic heart disease
Below the elbow, Barium enema
Below the knee
Coronary artery bypass graft
Coronary artery disease
Certified registered nurse anesthetist
Cesarean section
Abbreviation
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
MFT
MHz
MI
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Electromyogram
Hearing aid, Headache
High-density lipoproteins
Intravenous
Low-density lipoproteins
Muscular dystrophy, myocardial
disease, Medical doctor
Muscle function test
Megahertz
Myocardial infarction
Abbrebiation
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
MS
PND
PT, Protime
PT
PTT
ROM
SOB
TENS
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Multiple Sclerosis
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Prothrombin time
Physical therapy (therapist)
Partial thromboplastin time
Range of motion
Short of breath
Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation
8