Download TAP3_LecturePowerPointSlides_Module14

Thinking About Psychology
The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2012
Development and Learning Domain
Learning and Language
Module 14
Classical Conditioning
Module Overview
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Experiencing Classical Conditioning
Components of Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning Processes
Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery
Generalization and Discrimination
John Watson and the Classical Conditioning
of Emotions
• Cognition and Biological Predispositions
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Experiencing Classical
Conditioning
Learning
• A relatively permanent change in
behavior caused by experience.
Classical Conditioning
• A type of learning in which a stimulus
gains the power to cause a response.
• The stimulus predicts another stimulus
that already produces that response
• Form of learning by association
Stimulus-Response
• Stimulus - anything in the
environment that one can respond to.
• Response – any behavior or action.
Stimulus-Response Relationship
Stimulus-Response Relationship
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Components of Classical
Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
• A stimulus that triggers a response
reflexively and automatically.
• Classical conditioning cannot happen
with a unconditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned Response (UR)
• An automatic response to the
unconditioned stimulus.
• The relationship between the UCS and
UCR must be reflexive and automatic,
not learned
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
• A previously neutral stimulus that,
• through learning, gains the power to
cause a response.
• The CS must be a neutral stimulus
before conditioning occurs.
Conditioned Response (CR)
• The response to the conditioned
stimulus.
• Usually the same behavior as the UCR
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Processes
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Processes: Acquisition
Acquisition
• The process of developing a learned
response.
• The subject learns a new response (CR)
to a previously neutral stimulus (CS)
Acquisition
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Processes: Extinction
Extinction
• In classical conditioning, the
diminishing of a learned response after
repeated presentation of the
conditioned stimulus alone.
• In classical conditioning, the continual
presentation of the CS without the UCS
Extinction
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
• Russian physiologist and learning
theorist famous for discovery of
classical conditioning, in which
learning occurs through association.
Pavlov’s Method of Collecting
Saliva
Pavlov’s Research Apparatus
Pavlov’s Experiment
Pavlov’s Experiment
Pavlov’s Experiment
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Generalization and
Discrimination
Generalization
• Producing the same
response to two similar
stimuli.
• The more similar the
substitute stimulus is to
the original used in
conditioning, the stronger
the generalized response
Generalization
Discrimination
• The ability to distinguish between two
signals or stimuli and produce
different responses.
• The subject learns that one stimuli
predicts the UCS and the other does not.
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
John Watson and the
Classical Conditioning of
Emotions
Behaviorism
• The theory that psychology should only
study observable behaviors, not mental
processes.
• Founded by John Watson
John Watson
• Founder of behaviorism,
• the theory that psychology should restrict
its efforts to studying observable
behaviors,
• not mental processes
Little Albert
• 11-month-old infant
• Watson and Rosalie Rayner, conditioned
Albert to be frightened of white rats
• Led to questions about experimental ethics
Little Albert – Before Conditioning
Little Albert – During Conditioning
Little Albert – After Conditioning
Little Albert - Generalization
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Cognition and Biological
Predispositions
Cognition
• All mental processes associated with
thinking, knowing, and remembering.
• What effect does cognition have on
learning?
Robert Rescorla (1940-
)
• Developed, along with Allan Wagner,
• a theory that emphasized the importance
of cognitive processes in
classical conditioning.
• Pointed out that subjects had
to determine (think) whether
the CS was a reliable
predictor of the UCS
Taste Aversion
• Subjects become
classically conditioned to
avoid specific tastes,
because the tastes are
associated with nausea.
• John Garcia (1917- )
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Cognition and Biological
Predispositions: Cognition
and Classical
Conditioning
Module 14: Classical Conditioning
Cognition and Biological
Predispositions:
Taste Aversion and the
Role of Biology
The End
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• Scientific Inquiry Domain
• Biopsychology Domain
• Development and Learning Domain
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Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022
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