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Agricultural Power and Technology Agricultural Power and Technology Energy Unit 1 – Lesson 1.2 Mechanical Basics 2 What is Energy? • Energy is the ability to perform work or cause change. • Work is a change in a position caused by a force. – Moving a pencil, opening a door, and carrying a backpack are examples of work. – What are some agricultural examples of work? 3 Two Types of Energy • Potential – Stored Energy • Water behind a dam. • Wagon on top of a hill. • Gasoline ready to combust. • Kinetic – Energy being used to perform work • Gasoline combusting to run an engine. • Engine powering a tractor in a field. 4 Forms of Potential Energy • Chemical Energy – Energy stored between bonds of atoms • Food has potential energy that can be digested. • Batteries have chemical energy stored to power everything from tools to toys. • Fuel has potential energy to combust and cause movement. • Gravitational Energy – The attractive force all objects have towards each other. • An object on top of the hill has potential for gravity to pull it to the bottom. 5 Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Potential energy can be renewable or non-renewable. Renewable • Air – Wind energy to produce electricity. • Ethanol – Biofuel to power vehicles. • Water – Dams produce electricity. Non-renewable • Fossil Fuels – Gasoline to power vehicles. • Coal – Burned to produce steam that is converted to electricity. 6 Forms of Kinetic Energy • • • • • Electrical Mechanical Thermal Gravitational Sound 7 Electrical Energy • Movement of electrons through a conductor. • Most common source of energy. • Powers lights, appliances, and hand held tools. 8 Mechanical Energy • Energy produced from physical movement. • Turbine moved by wind. • Skid steer lifting a load. • Piston moving up or down. 9 Thermal Energy • Heat energy produced by the movement of atoms. • When fuels are burned, energy is released in the form of heat. • Thermal energy is released every time energy is transferred. 10 Gravitational Energy • Attractive force that all objects have toward one another • Dependent upon the mass of the object • Gravitational force keeping us grounded to Earth 11 Sound Energy • Travels in the form of waves. • Sound waves must travel through some form of matter. • Some sounds can be damaging to the ear. – Important energy to understand when assessing a tool or workplace for safety. 12 References • Butz, S. D. (2015). The Laws of Thermodynamics. Energy and agriculture. (1st ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 13