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Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: The Nine Planets ______ 1. What does the word planet mean? a. sky c. stars b. wanderers d. solar system ______ 2. Ancient astronomers knew that planets were a. wandering stars. c. physical bodies. b. full of life. d. easy to explore. ______ 3. What scientific instrument first made it possible to study the stars and planets? a. gyroscopes c. spectroscopes b. microscopes d. telescopes ______ 4. Which famous 17th century scientist used a telescope to explore the sky? a. Copernicus c. Galileo b. Charles Darwin d. Isaac Newton OUR SOLAR SYSTEM 5. Our solar system consists of the the , , and many smaller objects. 6. What makes up the Saturn system? Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 1 A Family of Planets Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Directed Reading A continued MEASURING INTERPLANETARY DISTANCES ______ 7. The average distance between the Earth and the sun is a. the light-year. c. the kilometer. b. the astronomical unit. d. the parsec. ______ 8. Another way to measure distances in space is by using a. a tape measure. c. a globe. b. a road map. d. the speed of light. 9. The amount of time it takes light to travel around the Earth seven and a half times is . 10. The distance light travels in 1 min is called a(n) . 11. How many light-minutes are there in one astronomical unit? THE DISCOVERY OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ______12. Which new bodies were discovered after the telescope was introduced during the 17th century? a. Uranus and Pluto c. Uranus and its moons b. Neptune and Uranus d. the moons of Jupiter and Saturn ______13. Which was the last planet discovered during the 20th century? a. Mercury c. Pluto b. Neptune d. Uranus 14. Which eight bodies were known to make up the solar system before the invention of the telescope? THE INNER AND OUTER SOLAR SYSTEMS ______15. How many planets are in the inner solar system? a. 10 c. 4 b. 15 d. 3 ______16. How many planets are in the outer solar system? a. 6 c. 11 b. 5 d. 20 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 2 A Family of Planets Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Directed Reading A continued 17. To which of these two groups does planet Earth belong? 18. The inner planets are also called planets because their surfaces are dense and rocky. 19. Name the planets of the inner solar system. 20. Name the planets of the outer solar system. 21. Why are most of the outer planets called gas giants? 22. How do the inner planets differ from the planets of the outer solar system? Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 3 A Family of Planets Back Lesson Print PAGE TEACHER RESOURCE Answer Key Directed Reading A SECTION: THE NINE PLANETS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. B C D C sun; planets The Saturn system is made up of the planet Saturn and the several moons that orbit it. B D 1 second light minute There are 8.3 light minutes in one astronomical unit. D C the sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Moon C B the inner solar system terrestrial planets Mercury, Mars, Earth, Venus Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto They are very large planets that are composed mostly of gases and do not have any known solid surfaces. They are made of different materials. 15. D 16. Because Venus is only slightly smaller, 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. SECTION: THE OUTER PLANETS 1. gas giant 2. Pluto is dense, rocky, and icy while the SECTION: THE INNER PLANETS 1. B 2. The inner planets are smaller, denser, and rockier than the outer planets. 3. C 4. period of rotation 5. because its period of rotation is so slow 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. C less massive, and less dense than Earth. prograde retrograde Earth is located at just the right distance from the sun to keep its water from freezing and cool enough to keep its water from boiling away. the atmosphere, the oceans, and the biosphere C B C Mars is a cold planet because it has a thin atmosphere that cannot trap heat and it is located much farther out from the sun. Olympus Mons The difference in the chemical composition of Mars has kept the Martian crust from shifting like Earth’s so the Martian volcanic system keeps building up in the same spots. The Twin Rovers were designed to help determine whether life ever existed on Mars and to help prepare for human exploration missions to Mars. others are giant balls of gas. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. A C B C As depth and pressure increases, hydrogen gas turns into liquid form. Deeper still, the liquid hydrogen changes into a liquid, metallic state. C rings, moons, atmosphere C B B Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 121 A Family of Planets