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Transcript
The Cardiovascular System Overview Facts about the Heart • The heart pumps ________________ gallons (5L) per MINUTE! – ________________ gallons a DAY • Weighs less than 1lbs • Size of your fist • ________________ beats per MINUTE – • ________________ beats per LIFETIME Apex directed toward left hip, and rest on diaphragm Functions of the Cardiovascular System • TRANSPORTATION – ________________ – ________________ – Nutrients – EVERYTHING! – Hormones • Regulation of body temperature through vasoconstriction and vasodilation. • Maintenance of body’s ________________ (acids and bases • Removal of ________________ & other wastes • Assistance with ________________ function The Chambers of the Heart • Atria – on ________________ – • Collecting ________________ – Atrium is singular! ________________ – on bottom – Powerful ________________ Left ventricle has ________________ wall because it pumps blood to rest of body Atrioventricular Valves • Located ________________ the atrial and ventricular chambers • Left AV Valve: – • – _____cusps – _____ cusps Right AV Valve: – • Bicuspid (_______________) valve Tricuspid valve OPEN during heart relaxation and ________________ when ventricles contracting The Valves • The heart is equipped with four valves… – Allow blood to flow in only ONE direction through the heart chambers – Have cusps (flaps) that open & close • AV valves have chordae ________________ (“heart strings”) which are connected to papillary muscles. • Each time the ________________ contracts, the papillary muscle pulls the AV valve closed Semilunar Valves • Guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers • CLOSED during heart relaxation and OPEN when ventricles contracting • Pulmonary ________________ Valve (right) • ________________ ________________ • Aortic Semilunar Valve (left) • ________________ • Both have ________________ cusps • Second heart sound or “dub” - • Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close at beginning of ventricular ________________ Heart Supporting Structures • ________________ Vena Cava: carries oxygen-poor blood from body to heart (right atrium) • ________________ Vena Cava: carries oxygen-poor blood from body to heart (right atrium) • ________________ trunk: carries oxygen-poor blood from heart (right ventricle) to pulmonary arteries • Pulmonary ________________: carries oxygen-poor blood from pulmonary trunk to lungs – • Pulmonary ________________: carries oxygen-rich blood from lungs to heart (left atrium) – • Only ________________ to carry O2 poor blood! Only ________________ to carry O2 rich blood! Aorta: carries oxygen-rich blood from heart (left ventricle) to body – ________________ artery in body Types of Circulation • • Pulmonary Circulation – Leaves from right side of heart – ________________ CO2 waste to lungs, and picks up O2 to take back to heart – Returns to left side of heart – Returns to right side of heart Systemic Circulation – Leaves from left side of heart – Delivers O2 and ______________ to body, and picks up CO2 to take back Blood Supply to the Heart • The blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the heart itself (________________) is provided by the right & left ________________ ARTERIES, which branch from the base of the AORTA and encircle the heart in the ________________ GROOVE. • Coronary arteries branch off from the base of the aorta • Right Coronary Artery breaks into… • Posterior ________________ (on back side of heart) • The heart (myocardium) is drained by several CARDIAC VEINS, which empty into the CORONARY SINUS, which in turn, empties into the RIGHT ATRIUM ________________ Veins include… • Great cardiac vein • Anterior cardiac vein • Small cardiac vein • Middle cardiac vein (on posterior side of heart) • ________________ • Left Coronary Artery breaks into… • Anterior interventricular • ________________