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The Church and the Byzantine Empire The Church I. When Constantine called the ______________________________ he made the _______________________________ head of the Church a. He got to decide all matters of _________________________________ i. Definition: ________________________________________________________________ b. The church’s _______________________, or power structure reflected ________________________________________________. II. The Pope a. Chosen after ___________________________, serves for ___________________ b. Powers i. Can change Church doctrine by _____________________________________________________________ ii. Has the power to __________________________________ 1. Definition: _________________________________________________ III. Cardinals a. Appointed by _______________________ to serve as advisors b. Powers i. The Cardinals have the power to elect ______________________ IV. Bishops and Arch-Bishops a. Administer large areas of the Church known as __________________ b. Normal broken up by ______________________ 1 c. Arch-Bishops control clusters of these V. Priests a. Administer the ______________________________ i. Definition: _______________________________________________________ VI. Power of the Pope a. As the Western Empire fell Pope gained alliances by ______________________________________________________________________ b. Pope responsible for investing Kings with ________________________ i. Bishops crowned the king at his _________________________________ ii. Gives power to Kings because _______________________________________ iii. Gives power to Pope because _______________________________________ VII. Example of Papal Power: Investiture Crisis a. In 1706, Pope declares ____________________________________________________ b. King Henry IV argues ______________________________________________________ c. Pope _______________________ chooses to ___________________________ i. This means ________________________________________________________ d. Henry forced to ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ e. Eventually Gregory forgave him VIII. Church Land 2 a. The Dead Hand: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ b. The Papal States: _________________________________________________________ IX. The Papal Armies a. Pope gained control of massive army including _________________________________ X. Center of Knowledge a. European continent remains largely ____________________________ b. For centuries, training is the only source of literacy i. Church seen as keeper of knowledge, as only church had power to ________________________________________________________________ ii. Great deal of knowledge lost due to _________________________________________________________________ iii. Church continued to use ___________________ as its language 1. Allowed knowledge to transfer across the continent XI. Governments required to ______________ to the church a. A percentage of income usually ______________________________ The Eastern Empire I. With the fall of the Western Empire, ____________________ declared independence from the west, making the ______________________ the sole Roman Empire II. Now stood on its own against multiple barbarian invasions Emperor Justinian I I. Reigned from ________________ to ____________ II. Restored much of the old Roman Empire 3 a. Reconquered ___________________ and ___________________ III. Began a massive building program a. The Hagia Sophia i. Commissioned by Justinian, largest __________________ the world for __________________ after its construction ii. Open air space inside iii. Built around a _______________________________, considered a marvel of engineering b. Built a massive ________________ c. Built the _________________, a large _________________ for chariots d. Also built a __________________ featuring animals across Europe IV. Justinian’s Code a. Created a law system that codified all the ancient Roman laws into a single document called _____________________________ i. Each dealt with ___________________________________ ii. Imposed harsh penalties on _________________ gave more freedom to _______________________ and _________________________ V. In 550, Constantinople is hit by a wave of _______________________ a. Devastated the government b. Left Empire in debt from wars with no way to pay for it The East/West Split I. After Justinian’s death the Byzantine Empire begins ____________ territory a. Faced an invasion by the ___________________________ b. Powerless and weak ________________________ unable to respond II. Emperor overthrown by _________________________, a ________________ peasant and soldier a. New reforms i. Establishes ________________ as official language of the Empire b. Made the ________________________ part of Church structure c. No changes could be made without _____________________ known as a _____________ 4 i. Could only be called by ____________________ ii. Rejected the absolute authority of _________________________ III. With the rise of ______________________________ Byzantium began to steadily lose territory a. Battle of _________________, 610 b. Muslim Empire invades ___________________ and _____________________ c. Emperor _________________ arrives with massive army d. After a six day battle ________________________________________________ The Split, The Great Schism I. Pope declares himself _____________________ a. Meaning: __________________________________________________________ II. Eastern Church disputes a. Emperor appoints __________________________ as ___________________ of the church b. Declares authority lies in ___________________________________ III. In 1047, both churches ___________________________________ a. Christianity divided between ____________________________ and __________________________ The Slow Collapse I. Battle of Manzikert a. The ________________________ invade western Turkey b. Led by ______________________, a brilliant Turkish Sultan c. Byzantines send out bulk of their forces, fighting in the style of ____________________ d. Turks use ____________________ tactics, made effective by the ________________ i. Cavalry destroys Byzantines ii. More than ________________ Byzantine warriors die e. Emperor captured, forced to __________________________________ to be set free i. Constantinople remains, but Byzantines lose ____________________ 1. Lose their best ____________________ 2. Lose access to _____________________ 5 3. TH The Fall of Constantinople I. In 1204, ______________________ intent on capturing ________________ pass through Byzantine Territory a. Attack and sack _____________________ at the urging of ______________________ b. Death of nearly _________________ in plundering the city c. Byzantium left a shadow of its former self II. Byzantium remains a tiny empire until _____________ a. Conquered by __________________________________________ i. Used __________________ to destroy city walls III. City renamed __________________________ a. Becomes capital of _____________________________________ 6