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Byzantine Empire and Beginnings of the Medieval Period Brief History •4th C. CE Roman Empire divided into halves (Diocletian) •Moved capital to Constantinople (Constantine) •W. Roman Empire fell to Barbarians, Eastern half survived for another 1000 yearsuntil 1453 (fell to Ottoman Turks) •Mostly Middle Eastern and Greek culture Justinian (527-565) •Byzantine Empire reached greatest extent •Tried to restore former Roman Empire •Set up secondary capital at Ravenna, Italy •Conquered N. Africa, S. Spain, Italy •Married to Theodora •“actress” and dancer •Pushed for women’s rights •Made Justinian put down the Nike Rebellion San Vitale More Justinian •Justinian’s Code •Codified the old Twelve Tables •Religious and Secular ruler •Made Greek official language •Constructed public works: •Hagia Sophia •Rebuilt Constantinople Byzantine Culture •Trade •Between Asia and Europe •Smuggled silk worms out of China •Thriving silk trade •Glassware, linen, jewelry, gold •Political, cultural, and intellectual center •Greek Fire: weapon used against ships Great Schism #1 • Rome and Constantinople fought over religious power • Pope (in Rome) claimed supremacy over everyone • Patriarch in Constantinople claimed authority over the east • 1054 they split • Greek Orthodox • Controlled by Byzantine Emperor • Less significant in politics than RC • Eventually spreads to Russia Patriarch v. Pope Pope Benedict XVI and Patriarch Bartholomew Feast of St. Andrew November 30, 2006 • Also split over: • Language: Latin/Greek • Religious art different • Icons: RC=no/ GO=yes • Different Rituals • East resented papal attempts to separate church and state (and thus give Pope more power) • • • • • Patriarch had more control in East Contact trailed off between E&W (trade moves N to S) GO priests can marry, RC cannot Different monastic movements Pope excommunicated patriarch, Patriarch excommunicated all Roman Catholics