Download 1 The Church and the Byzantine Empire The Church I. When

The Church and the Byzantine Empire
The Church
I.
When Constantine called the ______________________________ he made the
_______________________________ head of the Church
a. He got to decide all matters of _________________________________
i. Definition:
________________________________________________________________
b. The church’s _______________________, or power structure reflected
________________________________________________.
II.
The Pope
a. Chosen after ___________________________, serves for ___________________
b. Powers
i. Can change Church doctrine by
_____________________________________________________________
ii. Has the power to __________________________________
1. Definition: _________________________________________________
III.
Cardinals
a. Appointed by _______________________ to serve as advisors
b. Powers
i. The Cardinals have the power to elect ______________________
IV.
Bishops and Arch-Bishops
a. Administer large areas of the Church known as __________________
b. Normal broken up by ______________________
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c. Arch-Bishops control clusters of these
V.
Priests
a. Administer the ______________________________
i. Definition: _______________________________________________________
VI.
Power of the Pope
a. As the Western Empire fell Pope gained alliances by
______________________________________________________________________
b. Pope responsible for investing Kings with ________________________
i. Bishops crowned the king at his _________________________________
ii. Gives power to Kings because _______________________________________
iii. Gives power to Pope because _______________________________________
VII.
Example of Papal Power: Investiture Crisis
a. In 1706, Pope declares ____________________________________________________
b. King Henry IV argues ______________________________________________________
c. Pope _______________________ chooses to ___________________________
i. This means ________________________________________________________
d. Henry forced to
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
e. Eventually Gregory forgave him
VIII.
Church Land
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a. The Dead Hand:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. The Papal States: _________________________________________________________
IX.
The Papal Armies
a. Pope gained control of massive army including _________________________________
X.
Center of Knowledge
a. European continent remains largely ____________________________
b. For centuries, training is the only source of literacy
i. Church seen as keeper of knowledge, as only church had power to
________________________________________________________________
ii. Great deal of knowledge lost due to
_________________________________________________________________
iii. Church continued to use ___________________ as its language
1. Allowed knowledge to transfer across the continent
XI.
Governments required to ______________ to the church
a. A percentage of income usually ______________________________
The Eastern Empire
I.
With the fall of the Western Empire, ____________________ declared independence from
the west, making the ______________________ the sole Roman Empire
II.
Now stood on its own against multiple barbarian invasions
Emperor Justinian I
I.
Reigned from ________________ to ____________
II.
Restored much of the old Roman Empire
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a. Reconquered ___________________ and ___________________
III.
Began a massive building program
a. The Hagia Sophia
i. Commissioned by Justinian, largest __________________ the world for
__________________ after its construction
ii. Open air space inside
iii. Built around a _______________________________, considered a marvel of
engineering
b. Built a massive ________________
c. Built the _________________, a large _________________ for chariots
d. Also built a __________________ featuring animals across Europe
IV.
Justinian’s Code
a. Created a law system that codified all the ancient Roman laws into a single document
called _____________________________
i. Each dealt with ___________________________________
ii. Imposed harsh penalties on _________________ gave more freedom to
_______________________ and _________________________
V.
In 550, Constantinople is hit by a wave of _______________________
a. Devastated the government
b. Left Empire in debt from wars with no way to pay for it
The East/West Split
I.
After Justinian’s death the Byzantine Empire begins ____________ territory
a. Faced an invasion by the ___________________________
b. Powerless and weak ________________________ unable to respond
II.
Emperor overthrown by _________________________, a ________________ peasant and
soldier
a. New reforms
i. Establishes ________________ as official language of the Empire
b. Made the ________________________ part of Church structure
c. No changes could be made without _____________________ known as a
_____________
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i. Could only be called by ____________________
ii. Rejected the absolute authority of _________________________
III.
With the rise of ______________________________ Byzantium began to steadily lose
territory
a. Battle of _________________, 610
b. Muslim Empire invades ___________________ and _____________________
c. Emperor _________________ arrives with massive army
d. After a six day battle ________________________________________________
The Split, The Great Schism
I.
Pope declares himself _____________________
a. Meaning: __________________________________________________________
II.
Eastern Church disputes
a. Emperor appoints __________________________ as ___________________ of the
church
b. Declares authority lies in ___________________________________
III.
In 1047, both churches ___________________________________
a. Christianity divided between ____________________________ and
__________________________
The Slow Collapse
I.
Battle of Manzikert
a. The ________________________ invade western Turkey
b. Led by ______________________, a brilliant Turkish Sultan
c. Byzantines send out bulk of their forces, fighting in the style of ____________________
d. Turks use ____________________ tactics, made effective by the ________________
i. Cavalry destroys Byzantines
ii. More than ________________ Byzantine warriors die
e. Emperor captured, forced to __________________________________ to be set free
i. Constantinople remains, but Byzantines lose ____________________
1. Lose their best ____________________
2. Lose access to _____________________
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3. TH
The Fall of Constantinople
I.
In 1204, ______________________ intent on capturing ________________ pass
through Byzantine Territory
a. Attack and sack _____________________ at the urging of
______________________
b. Death of nearly _________________ in plundering the city
c. Byzantium left a shadow of its former self
II.
Byzantium remains a tiny empire until _____________
a. Conquered by __________________________________________
i. Used __________________ to destroy city walls
III.
City renamed __________________________
a. Becomes capital of _____________________________________
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