Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chapter 9 Review Multiple Choice 1. The largest and least specific taxon is the A. species C. class B. kingdom D. genus 2. Norway maples, sugar maples, and red maples are probably classified within A. the same species and same genus B. different species and different genera C. the same species but different genera D. the same genus but different species 3. The scientific name for the red maple tree is Acer rubrum. This name includes its A. class and phylum B. family and species C. genus and species D. genus and order 4. Which is the correct order of taxa, going from the smallest groups to the largest groups? A. phylum, kingdom, genus, class B. genus, species, phylum, class C. species, genus, phylum, kingdom D. phylum, class, genus, species 5. Organisms that are alike and capable of producing fertile offspring with each other are placed in the same A. genus C. species B. family D. kingdom 6. Which kingdom includes organisms that have both plantlike and animal-like characteristics? A. Plantae C. Animalia B. Fungi D. Protista 7. Except for yeasts, the members of Kingdom Fungi are all A. prokaryotic and unicellular B. prokaryotic and multicellular C. eukaryotic and unicellular D. eukaryotic and multicellular 8. Which kingdom contains autotrophic organisms whose life cycles include alternation of generations? A. Eubacteria C. Animalia B. Plantae D. Protista 9. Which of the following groups does not include any autotrophic organisms? A. algae C. fungi B. protists D. plants 10. The branch of biology that deals with the classification of life-forms is called A. embryology B. taxonomy C. morphology D. biochemistry 11. Organisms in kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria differ from each other in A. their biochemistry and genetics B. the materials in their cell walls C. the type of environments they inhabit D. all of the above characteristics 12. A specific trait, such as fur or feathers, that is used to determine an organism's classification group is called a A. homologous characteristic B. compared characteristic C. shared derived characteristic D. primitive characteristic 13. A group that has one or more different species IS a A. genus C. class B. family D. phylum Analysis and Open Ended Base your answer to question 14 on the table below and on your knowledge of evolution. (1) Simple multicellular Simple unicellular (2) Complex multicellular Simple multicellular (3) Simple unicellular Simple multicellular (4) Complex multicellular Complex unicellular 14. Organism X appeared on Earth much earlier than organism Y did. Many scientists think that organism X appeared between 3 and 4 billion years ago, and that organism Yappeared about 1 billion years ago. Which row in the chart above most likely describes both organisms X and Y correctly? A. Row I C. Row 3 B. Row 2 D. Row 4 Chapter 91Classification of Organisms 131 Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the chart below and on your knowledge of taxonomic groups. 15. The tiger the A. same B. same C. same D. same and the wolf are classified within species but different orders genus but different species order but different families family but different orders 16. According to the chart, the largest (and least specific) division used in this classification system is the A. species C. class D. kingdom B. family ~ 132 17. Refer to the following phylogenetic tree. Which letter represents the most recent common ancestor of organisms 2 and 4? Trout Preparing for the New Jersey Biology EOC Test A. letter A B. letter B C. letter C D. letter D 18. What are the two main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Explain how these differences determine how the cells carry out their life functions. Base your answers to questions 19 and 20 on the following diagram and on your knowledge of evolution and classification. 19. The diagram, which is used to show evolutionary relationships, is known as a A. phylogenetic tree B. family tree C. cladogram D. dichotomous key 20. Pick one of the animals shown in the diagram. Explain why it best illustrates the trait that it is associated with, rather than the trait before or after it; describe how that trait distinguishes it (in terms of evolution and classification) from the other animals in the diagram. 21. Briefly explain how a dichotomous key is used to identify an unknown organism. Choose any organism and give an example of two valid choices that may be given at one step in such a key. Reading Comprehension Base your answers to questions 22 to 24 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Use one or more complete sentences to answer each question. It seems impossible to imagine all organisms of a single species reproducing at.the same time. But this is exactly what happens when all trees of a species simultaneously release pollen into the wind to fertilize the female flowers ofthat species. Still, in animal species, simultaneous reproduction of many individuals is a rare occurrence. However, one of the most spectacular underwater events involves the mass spawningof the millions of small organisms that make up a coral reef. A coral reef isa stqny structure made of minerals removed from the water, over a long period of. time, by tiny coral animals that live on the outer edges of the reef. Reefs are found only in the clear, warm, shallow waters of the tropics. During their lifetime, coral organisms remain in one place. They catch and remove food particles from the water that surrounds them. One good place to observe the mass spawning of cora 1apima Is is the Flower Gardens National Marine Sanctuary in the Gulf of Mexico. Scientists think that mass spawning increases the chances of successful fertilization in three ways. First, with so many eggs and sperm in the water at the same time, fertilization is more likely to occur. Second, with gametes from different colonies of one species being released at the same time, cross-fertilization betweep· different colonies is more likely. This increases the genetic variation among the off..: spring. Finally, with somany fertilized gametes in the water at once, the amount lost to predation is limited. 22. Compare the process of simultaneous reproduction in plants to that in animals such as coral. 23. Why is cross-fertilization between different coral colonies beneficial? 24. What advantage does mass spawning provide for the fertilized eggs? Chapter 9/ Classification of Organisms 133