Download Chapter 4 AND 5 Practice - North Salem Schools Teachers Module

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Chapter 4 AND 5 Practice
1. Events that occur in four different ecosystems are shown in the chart below.
Which ecosystem would most likely require the most time for ecological succession to restore it to its
original state?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
2. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the sequence of plant
communities that have occupied land that was left barren 300 years ago, and on your knowledge of biology.
Which plant species represent pioneer organisms?
A) broomsedge and pine seedlings
C) crabgrass and horseweed
B) ragweed and aster
D) oak and hickory trees
3. Which process is represented in the diagram below?
A)
B)
C)
D)
energy flow
biological evolution
cellular communication
ecological succession
4. A forest is cut down and is replaced by a cornfield. What
is a negative consequence of this practice?
A) an increase in the carbon dioxide released into the
atmosphere
B) an increase in the size of predators
C) a decrease in biodiversity
D) a decrease in the amount of soil that is washed
away during rainstorms
5. The diagram below represents the various stages of ecological succession in New York State.
If the ecosystem is not altered, which stage would be the most stable?
A) grass
B) shrub
C) pine forest
D) hardwood forest
6. Over a long period of time, the stages represented in the
diagram below were each present in a particular
ecosystem.
After a forest fire, what is the most likely order in which
these stages appeared?
A) D
C) A
C
B
A
C
B
D
B) B
D) B
D
C
C
D
A
A
7. Plants are green because they contain the protein
chlorophyll. A bucket was left on the lawn for one week.
When the bucket was removed, the grass under the
bucket had turned from green to a yellowish white color.
This change is due to the interaction between the grass
and
A)
B)
C)
D)
decomposer organisms in the soil, an abiotic factor
the amount of sunlight, an abiotic factor
increased moisture under the bucket, a biotic factor
the metal composition of the bucket, a biotic factor
8. The graph below shows changes in the populations of two species that interact only with each other over a
period of time.
Which statement best describes these two species?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Species A is a producer and species B is its consumer.
Species A is a host and species B is its parasite.
Species A is a predator and species B is its prey.
Species A is a scavenger and species B is its decomposer.
9. What would be most beneficial towards maintaining
equilibrium in an ecosystem over a long period of time?
11. The ecological niches of three bird species are shown in
the diagram below.
A) organisms imported by humans from other
environments
B) a sudden change in climate
C) a diversity of organisms
D) predators eliminated from the food chains
10. When two different bird species temporarily occupy the
same niche, they would most likely
A)
B)
C)
D)
change their nesting behaviors
not affect one another
interbreed to form a new species
compete with one another
What is the advantage of each bird species having a
different niche?
A) As the birds feed higher in the tree, available
energy increases.
B) More abiotic resources are available for each bird.
C) Predators are less likely to feed on birds in a
variety of locations.
D) There is less competition for food.
12. Competition for biotic resources can be illustrated by
organisms fighting for a limited amount of
A) air to breathe
C) mates for breeding
B) water to drink
D) space for nesting
13. What will most likely occur if two different plant
species compete for the same requirements in an
ecosystem? What PRINCIPLE is this based on?
_______________________________________
A) They will usually develop different requirements.
B) One species may adapt to a different environment.
C) One species may be eliminated from that
ecosystem.
D) They will alter the environment so that they can
both survive in that ecosystem.
14. Abiotic factors that affect the growth of grass in a lawn
include
A)
B)
C)
D)
bacteria and soil
earthworms and nutrients
moisture and minerals
fertilizer and decomposers
15. Competition between two species occurs when
A) mold grows on a tree that has fallen in the forest
B) chipmunks and squirrels eat sunflower seeds in a
garden
C) a crow feeds on the remains of a rabbit killed on
the road
D) a lion stalks, kills, and eats an antelope
16. Base your answer to the following question on the list
of molecules below. Select the symbiosis, chosen from
the list below, that is most closely associated with that
phrase.
Types of symbiosis
(1) Commensalism
(2) Mutualism
(3) Parasitism
A flea sucks blood from the skin of a dog.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
17. Sea anemones are mainly sessile animals. Some of
them depend on the motile clown fish for their survival.
The clown fish helps to provide food for the sea
anemone as it seeks protection in the anemone's
tentacles. This symbiotic relationship is known as
A) commensalism
C) mutualism
B) saprophytism
D) parasitism
18. Changes in a deer population are shown in the graph below.
Which statement best explains section X?
A)
B)
C)
D)
The population has reached the carrying capacity of its environment.
Energy is used for interbreeding between members of different species.
A predator recycles the remains of dead organisms.
Competition does not occur between members of different species in the same habitat
19. The graph below shows the changes in the size of a fish
population over a period of time.
20. A sample of bacteria was added to a culture dish
containing a food supply. The dish was kept in an
incubator for two weeks, where temperature and other
conditions that favored bacterial growth were kept
constant. The graph below shows changes that occurred
in the bacterial population over the two weeks.
The dashed line on the graph represents the
A)
B)
C)
D)
carrying capacity of the environment
life span of the species
level at which extinction is reached
level of maximum biodiversity of the species
Which statement provides the best explanation for some
of the changes observed?
A) The bacteria were unable to reproduce until day 8.
B) The bacteria consumed all of the available food.
C) The culture dish contained an antibiotic for the
first five days.
D) The temperature increased and the bacteria died.
21. The stable stage that is established in an area as a result
of the process of ecological succession is known as the
A)
B)
C)
D)
heterotroph community
pioneer stage
biotic stage
climax community
22. Base your answer to the following question on Students
conducting a study on an insect population placed 25
insects of the same size in a box. The amount of food,
water, and shelter available to the insects was kept
constant. Each month, students removed and counted
the number of insects present, recorded the total, and
returned the insects to the box. The graph below shows
the number of insects in the box over a 12-month
period.
24. Which statement best describes the fruit fly population
in the part of the curve labeled X in the graph shown
below?
A) The fruit fly population has reached the number of
organisms the habitat can support.
B) The fruit fly population can no longer mate and
produce fertile offspring.
C) The fruit fly population has an average life span of
36 days.
D) The fruit fly population is no longer able to adapt
to the changing environmental conditions.
25. The feeding niches of three bird species are shown in
the diagram below.
What inference can be made regarding this insect
population?
A)
B)
C)
D)
All the insects in the box are the same age.
The insects hibernated from January to April.
The population has carnivorous members.
The population reached carrying capacity by
January.
23. A particular species of unicellular organism inhabits the
intestines of termites, where the unicellular organisms
are protected from predators. Wood that is ingested by
the termites is digested by the unicellular organisms,
forming food for the termites. The relationship between
these two species can be described as
A)
B)
C)
D)
harmful to both species
parasite/host
beneficial to both species
predator/prey
What is the advantage of these different feeding niches
for the birds?
A)
B)
C)
D)
less competition for food
fewer abiotic resources for each bird species
fewer biotic resources for each bird species
less energy available as the birds feed higher in the
tree
26. Which organisms directly help to reduce
overpopulation in a deer herd?
A)
B)
C)
D)
parasites and predators
parasites and scavengers
decomposers and predators
decomposers and consumers
27. A symbiotic relationship exists between two organisms
of different species. If only one organism benefits from
the relationship and the other is not harmed, the
relationship is known as
A) commensalism
C) parasitism
B) mutualism
D) saprophytism
28. The relationship that exists when athlete’s foot fungus
grows on a human is an example of
A)
B)
C)
D)
predator/prey
producer/consumer
parasite/host
decomposer/autotroph
Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
29. Organisms that are always part of the relationship indicated by letter C may be classified as
A) bryophytes
B) parasites
C) scavengers
D) carnivores
C) saprophytism
D) host
30. Which term belongs in area A?
A) mutualism
B) prey
31. A limiting factor unique to a field planted with corn
year after year is most likely
A) temperature
C) water
B) sunlight
D) soil nutrients
32. Cutting down a rain forest and planting agricultural
crops, such as coffee plants, would most likely result in
A)
B)
C)
D)
a decrease in biodiversity
an increase in the amount of energy recycled
a decrease in erosion
an increase in the amount of photosynthesis
33. Which statement best describes bat populations in a
stable ecosystem?
A) They are held in check by environmental factors.
B) They are producers that rely indirectly on other
producers.
C) They are not limited by natural predators.
D) They are not dependent on other species.
34. What is a characteristic of a stable environment?
A) It usually contains only one type of producer.
B) It usually contains a great diversity of species.
C) It contains simple food chains that have more
consumers than producers.
D) It contains complex food webs that have more
heterotrophs than autotrophs.
37. The graph below shows data on the average life
expectancy of humans.
35. What is the carrying capacity for herbivores in a habitat
most directly affected by?
A)
B)
C)
D)
heat energy released by carnivores
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
photosynthetic organisms
decomposers in the soil
36. Which long-term change could directly cause the other
three?
A)
B)
C)
D)
pollution of air and water
increasing human population
scarcity of suitable animal habitats
depletion of resources
What is the change in life expectancy from 1910 to
1970 most likely the result of?
A) an increase in poor land-use management that
affected the quality of topsoil
B) the introduction of technology that had a negative
impact on air quality
C) a decrease in natural checks, such as disease, on
the population
D) a widespread increase in the presence of lead and
other heavy metals in water supplies