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CHAPTER 13 • SECTION 4
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Plan & Prepare
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Reading for Understanding
Key Ideas
Objectives
BEFORE, YOU LEARNED
NOW YOU WILL LEARN
• Describe how the discovery of gold
changed California
Victory in a War with Mexico allowed
Americans to expand the country across
the continent.
The discovery of gold in California in
1848 led to a population increase and
statehood.
• Explain the final impact of the California
Gold Rush
Vocabulary
TERMS & NAMES
BACKGROUND VOCABULARY
forty-niner person who went to California to
find gold in 1849
Read for the Essential Question
Help students read for a purpose by reminding
them of the Essential Question: “How did
westward expansion transform the nation?”
Vocabulary
Best Practices Toolkit
Use the Best Practices Toolkit to model
strategies for vocabulary notetaking. Vary
strategies throughout the year. Choose
from: Knowledge Rating, Predicting ABC’s,
Definition Mapping, Word Sort, Word Wheel,
Frayer Model (Word Squares), Magnet
Words, and Student VOC.
Vocabulary Strategies, TT9–TT16
Reading Strategy
migration movement of people from one
country or locality to another
Californios settlers of Spanish or Mexican
descent who populated California
Mariano Vallejo a prosperous Californio
who lost a lot of property after American
settlement
James Marshall carpenter who discovered
gold in California in 1848
California gold rush migration of thousands
of settlers to California in search of gold
Visual Vocabulary
forty-niner
Reading Strategy
Re-create the diagram shown at
right. As you read and respond to
the KEY QUESTIONS, use the chart
to note important events and their
effects. Add boxes or start a new
diagram as needed.
Best Practices Toolkit
CAUSES AND EFFECTS
• Model filling in parts of the diagram using
signal words found in the text.
• Display the graphic organizer for students
to use as a reference. You may want to
write a list of signal words on the board
as a resource.
Cause-and-Effect Diagram (Multiple
Effects), TT24
California gold rush
EFFECT
GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
Go to Interactive Review @ ClassZone.com
438 Chapter 13
PRETEACHING VOCABULARY
English Learners
Inclusion
Pronounce and Preview
Definition Riddles and Clues
Pronounce each term for students.
Review the meanings of words used
within definitions, such as descent,
populated, and property.
Write each term and its definition on
the board. Read them aloud together.
Discuss each term to make sure that
students understand what it means.
Then erase the board. Say aloud only the
definitions and have students identify
the terms.
• To modify vocabulary learning, have
students complete worksheets as they
read, instead of afterward:
Unit 5 Resource Book
• Building Background Vocabulary,
p. 92
• Vocabulary Practice, p. 91
438 • Chapter 13
New settlers
CAUSE
See Skillbuilder Handbook, page R7.
Display the Cause-and-Effect Diagram
(Multiple Effects) transparency:
Remind students that causes and effects
are often signaled by words surrounding
them. Have students brainstorm some signal
words and phrases, such as due to, as a
result, since, because, so, which, and cause.
EFFECT
Modify the activity as necessary, giving
clues or creating sentence frames in
which the term would go.
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CHAPTER 13 • SECTION 4
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The California
Gold Rush
Focus & Motivate
3-Minute Warm-Up
Write on the board or display the transparency:
• Picture yourself as a Californian in 1849. What
changes do you foresee, now that gold has
been discovered? (Possible Answers: People
may move here from all over the world; Native
Americans and Mexicans may get pushed out.)
One American’s Story
Unit 5 Transparency Book
• 3-Minute Warm-Ups, TT6
Luzena Wilson said of the year 1849, “The gold excitement
spread like wildfire.” That year, James Marshall had discovered
forty-niner—
gold in California. Luzena’s husband became a forty-niner
someone who went to California to find gold, starting in 1849.
Luzena went to California with her husband. She found that
women were rare in California. Shortly after she arrived, a miner
offered her five dollars for her baked biscuits. Shocked, she just
stared at him. He quickly doubled his offer and paid in gold.
Finding she could make money by taking care of miners, Luzena
opened a hotel.The gold rush boosted California’s economy and
changed the nation’s history.
One American’s Story
More About . . .
The Luzena Wilson Family
The Wilsons were originally from Missouri
and stayed in the hotel business only
until 1851.
A Discovery Changes California
KEY QUESTION What led to the rapid settlement in California?
Before the forty-niners came, California was populated by as
many as 150,000 Native Americans and 6,000 Californios—settlers of Spanish
or Mexican descent. Many Californios lived on huge cattle ranches.
The Rush for Gold On January 24, 1848, just one month before Mexico
lost California to the United States, a carpenter named James Marshall made
an important discovery. While building a sawmill in northern California, he
saw a shiny stone in the nearby American River. He later said, “My eye was
caught by a glimpse of something shining. . . . It made my heart thump for I
felt certain it was gold.” It was indeed. Marshall’s discovery led to one of the
migrations—movements of persons from one country or locality to
greatest migrations
another—in American history, as thousands from all over the world poured
into California to make their fortunes.
In 1849, people from all over California and the United States raced to the
American River—starting the California gold rush. A gold rush occurs when
large numbers of people move to a site where gold has been found.
These prospectors were
residents of a mining
camp in Auburn Ravine,
California in the mid1800s.
3 Teach
A Discovery Changes
California
Reader, Recorder, Reporter
• Who were the Californios? (settlers in California
of Spanish or Mexican descent)
• Causes and Effects What were some of
the changes caused by the gold rush? (Possible
Answer: Thousands of people raced to California;
Californios were challenged by newcomers.)
Manifest Destiny 439
Unit 5 Resource Book
• Primary and Secondary Sources,
pp. 102–103
SECTION 4 PROGRAM RESOURCES
ON LEVEL
Unit 5 Resource Book
• Reading Study Guide, p. 65
• Vocabulary Practice, p. 91
• Section Quiz, p. 112
STRUGGLING READERS
Unit 5 Resource Book
• RSG with Additional Support,
p. 73
• Building Background Vocabulary,
p. 92
• Section Quiz, p. 112
• Reteaching Activity, p. 116
eEdition with Audio DVD-ROM
ENGLISH LEARNERS
Pupil Edition in Spanish
eEdition with Audio DVD-ROM
eEdition in Spanish DVD-ROM
Unit 5 Resource Book
• Reading Study Guide (Spanish),
p. 81
• RSG with Additional Support
(Spanish), p. 89
Multi-Language Glossary
Test Generator
• Section Quiz in Spanish
INCLUSION
Unit 5 Resource Book
• RSG with Additional Support, p. 73
• Section Quiz, p. 112
• Reteaching Activity, p. 116
GIFTED & TALENTED
Unit 5 Resource Book
• American Literature, p. 106
• Section Quiz, p. 112
PRE-AP
Unit 5 Resource Book
• Economics in History, p. 94
• Primary and Secondary Sources,
p. 102
• Section Quiz, p. 112
TECHNOLOGY
Unit 5 Transparency Book
• 3-Minute Warm-Ups, TT6
• Fine Art, TT7
• Geography, TT8
• Cause-and-Effect Chapter Summary,
TT9
• Essential Question Graphic, TT10
Daily Test Practice Transparencies
• Chapter 13, Section 4, TT45
Power Presentations
ClassZone.com
American History Video Series
Teacher’s Edition • 439