Download Survival Relationships

SURVIVAL RELATIONSHIPS
5 Major Ways Species
Interact
 Predation
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
 Parasitism
 Interspecific competition
Survival Relationships
 A.K.A. Symbiotic Relationships
A close, Permanent relationship between two
different species
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
 A symbiotic relationship in which both
species benefit from the interaction.
 Examples: plant – pollinator, plant – seed
disperser, ants - aphids
Plants - Pollinator
Plants are able to reproduce, pollinator receives food (nectar)
Honey pot ants get their food from aphids by “milking” them
for their sweet honey dew secretions.
Redbilled Oxpecker
Eats insects including ticks, from large wild and
domesticated mammals. (Does, however, prefer blood
and will feed on it directly, pecking at the mammal's
wounds).
Plant – Seed Disperser
Plants are able to grow and spread
their population, seed dispersers get
food (berries/fruit)
Ant - Aphid
Ants get “honeydew” – a sugary sap
left over by the aphids. Aphids
receive protection.
Egyptian Plover - Crocodile
Plover eats parasites that inhabit the crocodiles mouth
Commensalism
 A symbiotic relationship in which one species
benefits from the interaction, the other
species neither benefits nor is harmed.
 Examples: Plant – seed disperser, Barnacle –
other aquatic life, Cattle Egret
Plant – Seed disperser
Seeds cling to animals and fall off over time. The
animals are unharmed.
Barnacles – Whales
Barnacles attach to aquatic creatures allowing them to
move. The aquatic creatures are unharmed.
Commensalism
Cattle Egret - Cattle
 The Egret follows cattle and eats insects that
are turned up in the soil. Cattle are
unharmed.
Parasitism
 A symbiotic relationship in which one species
benefits while the other species is harmed by
the interaction.
 Parasites generally live on or in the body of
their host, get nourishment from their
tissues, and do some harm to them.
 Examples: Parasitic plants, Ticks, BrownHeaded cowbirds
Mistletoe
takes nutrients
from host trees,
can kill them
with heavy
infestation.
Ticks
Attach to mammals, usually, but will attach to
other organisms such as birds. They suck their
blood and can transfer other parasites. In
humans they cause Lyme disease.
Brown-headed
Cowbirds
Exhibit brood parasitism.
They remove other birds
eggs, and lay their own
in return
Tapeworm
Hookworm
Roundworm
Great Black Wasp
Female stings and paralyzes prey and then deposits her eggs
into the prey. The larvae feed off of the living organism until they are
large enough and able to break through the skin eventually killing
the host organism.