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Download Virginia State History – WWII Era (1940-1948)
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Virginia State History – WWII Era (1940-1948) Student Name: _______________________________________ Date: ____________________ For each of the following questions, fill-in-the-blanks: Questions/Statements 1. The Pope-Leighey House on the grounds of woodlawn Plantation near Mount Vernon was designed by ________ _______________ _________________ and built in 1940. 2. The first TV signal was broadcast in the U.S. in ______________. WTVR-TV (CBS6) was the first TV station in _______________, VA. 3. FDR spoke on the 1st TV broadcast from the New York ________________ __________. 4. Before WWII, the US rented Naval Bases in the Caribbean Sea and on the Atlantic coast of Canada from __________________. In payment, the U.S. “Paid” 50 surplus _______________. 5. Construction programs at Fort Belvoir, VA were accelerated in ___________________ with the outbreak of WW II in Europe. 6 The 95th Engineering Regiment was formed in April of 1941 at Ft. Belvoir, VA with mostly _____________-___________________ servicemen. 7. During First Army maneuvers in Carolina, troops were entertained by musicians of the 41st Engineering Regiment who formerly played with leading colored _________________ orchestras. 8. The Marine Corp Base at Quantico, VA was a major _________________ base which housed the Marine’s Office Candidate School (OCS) and trained over 15,000 new Marine lieutenants during WWII. 9. While most Americans wanted to remain “neutral” during the initial fighting of WWII in Europe, the Congress and FDR lent or leased __________________ materials (e.g., ships, planes, guns) to countries fighting against the Axis Powers in Europe 10. There were _______________(many, some, few) opponents of the “Lend-Lease” program. Former Governor Alf Landon (R-KS) was one of them. 11. The US “Lend-Lease” program was an obvious program designed to support _________________ (friends, enemies) of the Axis Powers in Europe (especially England). 12. By far, the most “Lend-Lease” goods went to ________________ before and during WWII. 13. According to Burns, the U.S. crossed the line from peace to war in July of ____________. 14. In Aug. and Sept of 1941, Germany submarines attacked US ships crossing the ________________ carrying “Lend-Lease” goods to Europe. 15. In Oct. Of 1941, the USS Reuben James was torpedoed and sunk by the _________________ U-552 while on escort duty across the Atlantic. 16. As a prelude to WWII, the Japanese invaded China and established a Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere that included Japan, Manchukuo, China, and parts of ________________________________ Asia. 17. Japan’s aggression in the Pacific theater began in _______________ when they quit the League of nations and overran Chinese _________________ ______. 18. Japan attacked U.S. forces in Hawaii on December ___________, 1941. 19. Japan’s ambassadors to the US in 1941 were arrested interned (i.e., imprisoned) at they Homestead in __________________________, VA until they were exchanged for US diplomates in June of 1942. 20. The USS West Virginia was sunk by a____________________ dropped from Japanese aircraft at Pearl Harbor. 21. Sailors at Naval Station Ford Island saw the USS ___________ exploding from their damaged airfield. 22. Over 180 US aircraft were destroyed on the __________________ at Pearl Harbor. 23. ______________ American ships were sunk/damaged in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. 24. On December 8, 1941, FDR asked Congress to declare war on ________________. 25. FDR signed a Declaration of War against Germany on _________________________, 1941. 26. The Pentagon was built in Arlington, VA from 1941 until finished in 19______. It was the largest office building in the country at the time of its construction. 27. During WWII, the people and the country were mobilized to produce ___________ materials. 28. The American Red Cross operated ____________________ for service-men in Virginia where they could go to relax and get coffee & donuts, etc. 29. People in Virginia grew vegatables in “ _________________ gardens” and collected ______________ and __________________ at recyclying depots. 30. Movie stars encouraged recycling of metal and Rita Hayworth even sacrificed her car’s _____________________ for the War effort. 31. Students in Fairfax County Public Schools learned the “point-value” of _________________ goods in their grade schools’ play stores. 32. Entertainers like Bob Hope sold _________________ bonds to support the War effort. 33. Movie star Greer Garson attended a ____________ bond rally/dinner in Fredericksburg, VA 34. ______________ bonds were sold in stores and in Elias Codd’s __________________. 35. Service opportunities for Women in WWII were encouraged with recruitment ____________. 36. German sailors were captured from U-boats sunk in the Chesapeake ______________. 37. German POWs worked on _________________ in Virginia (e.g., the Cavalry remount facility in Front Royal, VA. 38. Coast Guard cutters like the USS Spencer saw service on ______________ duty in the North Atlantic. 39. Newport News and Hampton Roads grew thru boom-times at their ________________________ and military installations (e.g., Ft. Eustis, VA). 40. The HMS Mauretania brought ____________________ German prisoners of War from Europe to Virginia for internment (i.e., imprisonment until the War was over). 41. Newport News was famous for its _________________and as a point of embarkation for oversease deployment of men and materials. 42. Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, VA is one of the ___________________ shipyards in the world. 43. The US built over ________________ “Liberty Ships” for WWII – many of them were built in Norfolk, VA. 44. The US Liberty Ships __________________(were, were not) intended for extended service; but, were designed for quick construction and expendable use as cargo ships across the Atlantic. (Many of them lasted for several years – even after the War.) 45. Many WWII Aircraft ______________________ were built in Virginia and saw action in the ___________________________ theater of the War (e.g., USS Ticonderoga). 46. Many training camps were set up in Virginia. Camp ______________ was built in WWI and over _______________________ soldiers trained there during WWII. 47. Camp Pickett near Blackstone, VA became the base for the Medical Replacement Training Center. At its peak enrollment, it enrolled about ________________ trainees per training cycle. 48. The stadium at Camp Pickett was built by German ______________ of WWII and is still in use by the Army and public schools that hold football camps there today. 49. At Front Royal, VA, the Army had its _______________training center where over 9,295 dogs were trained for sentry duty during the War. 50. Many German ___________ of War were transported to ______________________ near Newport News, VA for internment and “re-orientation”. 51. Defense production plants were built in VA. One example, was the rayon tire cord factory in ________________, VA. After the War, Uniroyal purchased and operated the plant. 52. The U.S. Navy built ___________________ at a factory in Alexandria, VA. Today, this factory has been converted into an arts and crafts center. 53. National Aeronautics labs were built during WWII and still operate at __________________ Field in Elizabeth City, Co., VA. 54. B-17 bombers were used in flight training at Langley field, VA at the start of WWII. Pilots who trained there (e.g., Art Mack) later saw service over ____________ in flights from England. 55. Many major battles during WWII in Europe were fought in Italy, _______________, Germany, and Eastern Europe (e.g., Soviet Union). 56. The first American battles of WWII were fought in ________________. 57. The Allied landings in North Africa were under the overall command of General ______________. 58. The first American battles in North Africa were fought in ___________________. Later, the Americans re-grouped under General ________________ and pushed the Germans out of North Africa. 59. General George S. ________________, came from a family of famous military men from Virginia. 60. General Patton led the American troops who landed in __________________and after 38 days defeated the German forces deployed there. 61. The Americans defeated Germans and beat the British to the town of ____________________ on the North-East tip of Sicily. 62. Ellen Glasgow of ________________, VA won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1942. 63. General Mark Wayne ____________ led the American landing at _______________ in Italy. 64. American physicians and nurses from the University of _________________ established and ran a large front-line, military hospital to treat wounded soldiers; first, in North Africa, and later in Italy. 65. The Italians surrendered to the Allied forces in Italy on September 8, 1943; but, the ____________________ there continued fighting in Italy until 1945. 66. For Americans, the War in central Europe began in 1944 with landings on the coast of France (i.e., on “________” day – the _____________ of June. 67. By August, the Allies were marching into ____________, France. 68. By September, the Allies were marching over the German ________________ line of defenses into Germany. 69. From England, American flyers were bombing strategic targets in Germany (e.g., synthetic ____________ plants at Zeitz, Germany in 1944). 70. The Soviet Union’s forces took many German _______________ and lost millions of their own people during WWII. 71. In May of 1945, the Russians captured __________________ (i.e., the capitol of Germany.) 72. The “______________________” was the name given to the systematic persecution and killing of millions of Jews by German Nazis. 73. Hitler and his mistress Eva Braun died by _____________ in Berlin as the Russian troops approached their bunker. 74. The Nazis quit the War on May 8th, 1945 which was called “__________” day by the Allies who celebrated Germany’s official surrender. 75. At the conference in Potsdam, Germany, the Allies decided how to administer the defeated Nazi Germany and how to counter the effects of __________________ in Europe. 76. Zones of separate occupation were established for Allied countries; but, ___________ was a multinational zone occupied jointly by all the Allied countries. 77. In Asia, Japan had expanded its empire to include China and other countries in South-east ___________________. 78. Battles in the Pacific theater of the War, were mostly in the island countries North of ________________________ and New Zealand. 79. The most important naval battle in the Pacific was at/near ___________________ island. 80. There were _____________ major offensive campaigns in the Pacific theater of the War. 81. The Battle of Tarawa was the first offensive in the critical ________________ Pacific region. 82. Hellcats on board the USS Lexington shot down 17 of 20 Japanese planes headed for ______. 83. The Mariana Islands Campaign was fought on 3 islands: Rota, Tinian, and ____________. 84. MacArthur had said he would “return” to the Philippines when he left before the Japanese took over there; and, he said “I have __________________” when he landed in Leyte 10.20.44. 85. US forces made several landings on _______________ ______________ as part of its Westward advance in July of 1945. 86. MacArthur and Nimitz were both promoted to the rank of _________star_ “generals.” 87. MacArthur received the Medal of ______________ for conspicuous leadership during his service against the Japanese in the Philippine Islands. 88.On _______ ____________ island the Marines raised an American flag and the picture of it became the basis for a ___________________ that stands at the Marine memorial in Wash., DC. 89. The largest amphibious assault in the Pacific theater of the War was on ________________. 90. Lewis “Chesty” Burwell Puller of West Point, VA received __________ Navy Crosses for bravery in some of the bloodiest battles in Marine Corps history. 91. Corporal Desmond T. Doss of Lynchburg, VA received the Medal of Honor from President Truman for his service as a ______________ on Okinawa. 92. The Flying “Tigers” flew supplies to our allies in __________________ over the Himalayas from India. 93. The Ledo road from India to China was built by 15,000 American soldiers (___________% of whom were AfricanAmericans). 94. Merrill’s Marauders fought in the ____________ campaign and were famous for fighting like US Rangers behind enemy lines. 95. Edward R. ______________ administered the Lend-Lease program and later became the US Secretary of State. 96. At Yalta the leaders of the big 3 Allied Powers were: Churchill, Stalin, and _____________. 97. America’s foreign policy goals included expansion of trade and “_________ employment” in America and the World. 98. Franklin D. Roosevelt suffered from ________________ and supported the March of Dimes which raised money to find a cure (which was found in 1952.) 99. FDR died of a _____________ and his work is celebrated by his image on the US _______ since 1946. 100. President Harry S. _____________ ordered that atomic bombs be dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order to end the War. 101. The plane which dropped the first atomic bomb was nick-named the __________ _________ . 102. The plane which dropped the second atomic bomb was the “Bockscar” and its bomb was nick-named the “ ________ __________”. 103. The end of the War in the Pacific was called “___________ day”. Aug. 14, 1945. 104. MacArthur accepted Japan’s formal surrender aboard the USS _________ in Tokyo Bay. 105. The WWII memorial on the mall in Wash., DC celebrates the service of ________million men and women who served in the War. 106. Edward R. Stettinius signed the _________ charter at the 1st meeting in SF, CA June 1945. 107. The US did not join the League of Nations after WWI; but, did _______________ the charter of the United Nations and became one of the permanent members of its Security Council. 108. After WWII, the Federal government authorized $500,000,000 for each of the 1st three post-war years to build __________________ in America (and put many people to work). 109. Irene Morgan Kirkaldy of Richmond, VA successfully fought against discrimination on interstate _______________________. 110. President Truman gave _____________ permanent status in the miliary services and made them eligible for veterans benefits just like their male counter-parts. 111. President Truman also ordered “_________________ of treatment for all persons in the armed services, without regard to race, color, religion or national origin” 112. General George C. Marshall, a Virginian, was the Army Chief of Staff during WWII where he organized the largest military _____________ in US history. 113. Marshall was later appointed US Secretary of ____________ and received the Nobel Peace Prize for his “Marshall Plan” for the economic recovery of countries in Europe. 114. WTVR-TV (CBS 6) in Richmond, VA became the 1st TV station broadcasting South of the _________________ line.