Download Virginia State History – WWII Era (1940-1948)

Virginia State History – WWII Era (1940-1948)
Student Name: _______________________________________ Date: ____________________
For each of the following questions, fill-in-the-blanks:
Questions/Statements
1. The Pope-Leighey House on the grounds of woodlawn Plantation near
Mount Vernon was designed by ________ _______________
_________________ and built in 1940.
2. The first TV signal was broadcast in the U.S. in ______________.
WTVR-TV (CBS6) was the first TV station in _______________, VA.
3. FDR spoke on the 1st TV broadcast from the New York ________________ __________.
4. Before WWII, the US rented Naval Bases in the Caribbean Sea and on the Atlantic coast of
Canada from __________________. In payment, the U.S. “Paid” 50 surplus _______________.
5. Construction programs at Fort Belvoir, VA were accelerated in ___________________ with
the outbreak of WW II in Europe.
6 The 95th Engineering Regiment was formed in April of 1941 at Ft. Belvoir, VA with mostly
_____________-___________________ servicemen.
7. During First Army maneuvers in Carolina, troops were entertained by musicians of the 41st
Engineering Regiment who formerly played with leading colored _________________
orchestras.
8. The Marine Corp Base at Quantico, VA was a major
_________________ base which housed the Marine’s Office Candidate
School (OCS) and trained over 15,000 new Marine lieutenants during
WWII.
9. While most Americans wanted to remain “neutral” during the initial
fighting of WWII in Europe, the Congress and FDR lent or leased
__________________ materials (e.g., ships, planes, guns) to countries
fighting against the Axis Powers in Europe
10. There were _______________(many, some, few) opponents of the “Lend-Lease” program.
Former Governor Alf Landon (R-KS) was one of them.
11. The US “Lend-Lease” program was an obvious program designed to support
_________________ (friends, enemies) of the Axis Powers in Europe (especially England).
12. By far, the most “Lend-Lease” goods went to ________________ before and during WWII.
13. According to Burns, the U.S. crossed the line from peace to war in July of ____________.
14. In Aug. and Sept of 1941, Germany submarines attacked US ships crossing the
________________ carrying “Lend-Lease” goods to Europe.
15. In Oct. Of 1941, the USS Reuben James was torpedoed and sunk by the _________________
U-552 while on escort duty across the Atlantic.
16. As a prelude to WWII, the Japanese invaded China and established a Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere that included Japan, Manchukuo, China, and parts of
________________________________ Asia.
17. Japan’s aggression in the Pacific theater began in _______________ when they quit the
League of nations and overran Chinese _________________ ______.
18. Japan attacked U.S. forces in Hawaii on December ___________, 1941.
19. Japan’s ambassadors to the US in 1941 were arrested interned (i.e., imprisoned) at they
Homestead in __________________________, VA until they were
exchanged for US diplomates in June of 1942.
20. The USS West Virginia was sunk by a____________________
dropped from Japanese aircraft at Pearl Harbor.
21. Sailors at Naval Station Ford Island saw the USS ___________
exploding from their damaged airfield.
22. Over 180 US aircraft were destroyed on the __________________ at Pearl Harbor.
23. ______________ American ships were sunk/damaged in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
24. On December 8, 1941, FDR asked Congress to declare war on ________________.
25. FDR signed a Declaration of War against Germany on
_________________________, 1941.
26. The Pentagon was built in Arlington, VA from 1941 until
finished in 19______. It was the largest office building in the country
at the time of its construction.
27. During WWII, the people and the country were mobilized to
produce ___________ materials.
28. The American Red Cross operated ____________________ for service-men in Virginia
where they could go to relax and get coffee & donuts, etc.
29. People in Virginia grew vegatables in “ _________________ gardens” and collected
______________ and __________________ at recyclying depots.
30. Movie stars encouraged recycling of metal and Rita Hayworth even sacrificed her car’s
_____________________ for the War effort.
31. Students in Fairfax County Public Schools learned the “point-value”
of _________________ goods in their grade schools’ play stores.
32. Entertainers like Bob Hope sold _________________ bonds to
support the War effort.
33. Movie star Greer Garson attended a ____________ bond
rally/dinner in Fredericksburg, VA
34. ______________ bonds were sold in stores and in Elias Codd’s __________________.
35. Service opportunities for Women in WWII were encouraged with recruitment ____________.
36. German sailors were captured from U-boats sunk in the Chesapeake ______________.
37. German POWs worked on _________________ in Virginia (e.g., the Cavalry remount
facility in Front Royal, VA.
38. Coast Guard cutters like the USS Spencer saw service on ______________ duty in the North
Atlantic.
39. Newport News and Hampton Roads grew thru boom-times at their
________________________ and military installations (e.g., Ft. Eustis, VA).
40. The HMS Mauretania brought ____________________ German prisoners of War from
Europe to Virginia for internment (i.e., imprisonment until the War was over).
41. Newport News was famous for its _________________and as a point
of embarkation for oversease deployment of men and materials.
42. Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, VA is one of the
___________________ shipyards in the world.
43. The US built over ________________ “Liberty Ships” for WWII –
many of them were built in Norfolk, VA.
44. The US Liberty Ships __________________(were, were not) intended for extended service;
but, were designed for quick construction and expendable use as cargo ships across the Atlantic.
(Many of them lasted for several years – even after the War.)
45. Many WWII Aircraft ______________________ were built in
Virginia and saw action in the ___________________________
theater of the War (e.g., USS Ticonderoga).
46. Many training camps were set up in Virginia. Camp
______________ was built in WWI and over
_______________________ soldiers trained there during WWII.
47. Camp Pickett near Blackstone, VA became the base for the Medical Replacement Training
Center. At its peak enrollment, it enrolled about ________________ trainees per training cycle.
48. The stadium at Camp Pickett was built by German ______________ of WWII and is still in
use by the Army and public schools that hold football camps there today.
49. At Front Royal, VA, the Army had its _______________training center where over 9,295
dogs were trained for sentry duty during the War.
50. Many German ___________ of War were transported to ______________________ near
Newport News, VA for internment and “re-orientation”.
51. Defense production plants were built in VA. One example, was the rayon tire cord factory in
________________, VA. After the War, Uniroyal purchased and operated the plant.
52. The U.S. Navy built ___________________ at a factory in
Alexandria, VA. Today, this factory has been converted into an
arts and crafts center.
53. National Aeronautics labs were built during WWII and still
operate at __________________ Field in Elizabeth City, Co., VA.
54. B-17 bombers were used in flight training at Langley field, VA at the start of WWII. Pilots
who trained there (e.g., Art Mack) later saw service over ____________ in flights from England.
55. Many major battles during WWII in Europe were fought in Italy, _______________,
Germany, and Eastern Europe (e.g., Soviet Union).
56. The first American battles of WWII were fought in ________________.
57. The Allied landings in North Africa were under the overall command of General
______________.
58. The first American battles in North Africa were fought in ___________________. Later, the
Americans re-grouped under General ________________ and pushed the Germans out of North
Africa.
59. General George S. ________________, came from a family of famous
military men from Virginia.
60. General Patton led the American troops who landed in
__________________and after 38 days defeated the German forces
deployed there.
61. The Americans defeated Germans and beat the British to the town of
____________________ on the North-East tip of Sicily.
62. Ellen Glasgow of ________________, VA won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1942.
63. General Mark Wayne ____________ led the American landing at _______________ in Italy.
64. American physicians and nurses from the University of
_________________ established and ran a large front-line,
military hospital to treat wounded soldiers; first, in North Africa,
and later in Italy.
65. The Italians surrendered to the Allied forces in Italy on
September 8, 1943; but, the ____________________ there
continued fighting in Italy until 1945.
66. For Americans, the War in central Europe began in 1944 with
landings on the coast of France (i.e., on “________” day – the _____________ of June.
67. By August, the Allies were marching into ____________, France.
68. By September, the Allies were marching over the German ________________ line of
defenses into Germany.
69. From England, American flyers were bombing strategic targets in Germany (e.g., synthetic
____________ plants at Zeitz, Germany in 1944).
70. The Soviet Union’s forces took many German _______________ and lost millions of their
own people during WWII.
71. In May of 1945, the Russians captured __________________ (i.e.,
the capitol of Germany.)
72. The “______________________” was the name given to the
systematic persecution and killing of millions of Jews by German Nazis.
73. Hitler and his mistress Eva Braun died by _____________ in Berlin as the Russian troops
approached their bunker.
74. The Nazis quit the War on May 8th, 1945 which was called
“__________” day by the Allies who celebrated Germany’s official
surrender.
75. At the conference in Potsdam, Germany, the Allies decided how to
administer the defeated Nazi Germany and how to counter the effects of
__________________ in Europe.
76. Zones of separate occupation were established for Allied countries; but, ___________ was a
multinational zone occupied jointly by all the Allied countries.
77. In Asia, Japan had expanded its empire to include China and other countries in South-east
___________________.
78. Battles in the Pacific theater of the War, were mostly in the island countries North of
________________________ and New Zealand.
79. The most important naval battle in the Pacific was at/near
___________________ island.
80. There were _____________ major offensive campaigns in the Pacific
theater of the War.
81. The Battle of Tarawa was the first offensive in the critical ________________ Pacific region.
82. Hellcats on board the USS Lexington shot down 17 of 20 Japanese planes headed for ______.
83. The Mariana Islands Campaign was fought on 3 islands: Rota, Tinian, and ____________.
84. MacArthur had said he would “return” to the Philippines when he left
before the Japanese took over there; and, he said “I have
__________________” when he landed in Leyte 10.20.44.
85. US forces made several landings on _______________
______________ as part of its Westward advance in July of 1945.
86. MacArthur and Nimitz were both promoted to the rank of _________star_ “generals.”
87. MacArthur received the Medal of ______________ for conspicuous leadership during his
service against the Japanese in the Philippine Islands.
88.On _______ ____________ island the Marines raised an American flag and the picture of it
became the basis for a ___________________ that stands at the Marine memorial in Wash., DC.
89. The largest amphibious assault in the Pacific theater of the War was on ________________.
90. Lewis “Chesty” Burwell Puller of West Point, VA received __________ Navy Crosses for
bravery in some of the bloodiest battles in Marine Corps history.
91. Corporal Desmond T. Doss of Lynchburg, VA received the
Medal of Honor from President Truman for his service as a
______________ on Okinawa.
92. The Flying “Tigers” flew supplies to our allies in
__________________ over the Himalayas from India.
93. The Ledo road from India to China was built by 15,000
American soldiers (___________% of whom were AfricanAmericans).
94. Merrill’s Marauders fought in the ____________ campaign and were famous for fighting like
US Rangers behind enemy lines.
95. Edward R. ______________ administered the Lend-Lease program and later became the US
Secretary of State.
96. At Yalta the leaders of the big 3 Allied Powers were: Churchill, Stalin, and _____________.
97. America’s foreign policy goals included expansion of trade and “_________ employment” in
America and the World.
98. Franklin D. Roosevelt suffered from ________________ and supported the March of Dimes
which raised money to find a cure (which was found in 1952.)
99. FDR died of a _____________ and his work is celebrated by his image
on the US _______ since 1946.
100. President Harry S. _____________ ordered that atomic bombs be
dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order to end the War.
101. The plane which dropped the first atomic bomb was nick-named the
__________ _________ .
102. The plane which dropped the second atomic bomb was
the “Bockscar” and its bomb was nick-named the “ ________
__________”.
103. The end of the War in the Pacific was called
“___________ day”. Aug. 14, 1945.
104. MacArthur accepted Japan’s formal surrender aboard the USS _________ in Tokyo Bay.
105. The WWII memorial on the mall in Wash., DC celebrates the service of ________million
men and women who served in the War.
106. Edward R. Stettinius signed the _________ charter at the 1st meeting in SF, CA June 1945.
107. The US did not join the League of Nations after WWI; but, did _______________ the
charter of the United Nations and became one of the permanent members of its Security Council.
108. After WWII, the Federal government authorized
$500,000,000 for each of the 1st three post-war years to build
__________________ in America (and put many people to
work).
109. Irene Morgan Kirkaldy of Richmond, VA successfully
fought against discrimination on interstate
_______________________.
110. President Truman gave _____________ permanent
status in the miliary services and made them eligible for
veterans benefits just like their male counter-parts.
111. President Truman also ordered “_________________ of treatment for all persons in the
armed services, without regard to race, color, religion or national origin”
112. General George C. Marshall, a Virginian, was the Army Chief of Staff during WWII where
he organized the largest military _____________ in US
history.
113. Marshall was later appointed US Secretary of
____________ and received the Nobel Peace Prize for his
“Marshall Plan” for the economic recovery of countries in
Europe.
114. WTVR-TV (CBS 6) in Richmond, VA became the 1st TV
station broadcasting South of the _________________ line.