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Renaissance and Reformation
Study Guide
1. What are guilds and an apprentice
2. What was the Middle class
3. When did the Renaissance take place? And where did it start?
4. How was Italy governed?
5. Why was Venice a wealthy city?
6. Who was and what happen to Girolamo Savonarola
7. Explain Humanists and their beliefs.
8. Who were the Medici?
9. What is an Italian political leader called?
10. How did the Black plague spread?
11. What did Gutenberg invent?
12. List all Renaissance sculptors and painters and their work.
13. What are sonnets?
14. Who was the author of Utopia and the Prince?
15. How did the renaissance spread?
16. What did Jan and Hubert van Eyck do?
17. Who painted the Last Supper?
18. Who was martin Luther?
19. What did he criticize?
20. How do people attain salvation?
21. What did the council of worms do?
22. Who excommunicated Luther?
23. What was indulgence?
24. Who was Zwingli and what did he advocate?
25. What is Theocracy?
26. What was the “City of God”?
27. Explain the doctrine of Predestination.
28. What did King Henry VIII do to anger the church and what happened to the church?
29. Who was Ingnatius of Loyal?
30. Describe the Society of Jesus
31. Describe who John Calvin was and what did he advocate?
32. What did Anglicanism teach
 Compare and Contrast what it was like to live in an Early Medieval
Town and a Renaissance Town.
The Black Death
-Black Death-
Also known as the __________________________________________________.
It started in the 1340’s and lasts about __________________________________.
About __________________________________ of Europe’s population dies.
Started in ___________________________(Mongolia), spreads to Northern Africa
and Western Europe.
-How it Spread- Caused by the ______________________ carried by _____________________ that
were on _________________________________.
- ___________________________________ brought the rats to Europe – Also by
the Silk Roads.
-Why it could not be Stopped- Ignorance about what caused the sickness – Blamed _______________________,
_______________________________________.
- Ineffective cures: ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
- ______________________: They whipped themselves - self-infliction, "Penance
for our Sins".
* The song __________________________________ was about the Black Death.
-How it changed Europe- The plague ended in the ___________________, but it did flare up periodically
throughout history.
- ______________________ revolt and demand more freedom.
- Working class people moved to ______________________________ cities
- It reduced the power of _____________________________________.
-Summary-
Towns and Commerce
-Revival of Trade-
- The __________________________ brought about a _______________________________
in Europe. Crusaders brought home silk and spices from the Near East (Jerusalem) and the
Far East (China).
- Europeans demanded more _______________________________________,especially
silk and spices. International trade fairs were held in towns and people began to use money.
-Towns and Cities-
- Because of the _______________, many people abandoned their manors and come to towns.
- _______________________ are population centers, larger than villages, smaller then cities.
- The New cities and towns were _____________________________________________ and
encouraged ______________________
Topics
Middle Ages
Renaissance
Society
Power
Status
- Agriculture advanced due to new, heaver ________________, ______________ allowing
horses (faster than an ox) to plow and a ________________________________ for
planning crops.
- Guilds were merchants & artisans {________________________________} who formed a
business association to __________________________ industries. Example: Carpenters,
blacksmiths, masons and tailors…
- __________________________ owned their own shops and tools and teach apprentices.
- Apprentices worked for a master to ________________________________________.
- ___________________________ were people whom no longer needed land to make a
living. They started their ________________________________ selling goods.
- __________________________ is trade on a large scale. Trade expanded because of
new ___________________________________________________________.
- ________________________is a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually
coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's
money supply - a need for a common medium of exchange because of trade.
Banks developed due to ___________________________ & the exchange of _________
* At first, the Church forbade money lending; only Jews loaned money with interest.
-Summary-
The Renaissance
- Time Period of 1350A.D. to 1600A.D. A “_______________________________" and
a cultural awakening.
- It began in __________________- reasons: (1) Avoided the ______________________
of the late middle ages. (2) Preserved their __________________________. (3)Resisted
kings and _______________________________{developed city-states}. (4) Wealth and
ability _____________________________ more than a title.
-Humanists- Humanism - literature, art ___________________________________________________
- The ___________________ is where we live - so _____________________ with it.
- Humanism was a ___________________________ intellectual reason and religious faith.
- Believed in enjoying life ____________________ to the fullest, they were less focused on
the ______________________________
- They challenged ______________________________________traditions.
-City-States- A _________________ is a city and its surrounding lands acting as an __________________
- Florence, an Italian city-state:
a) The premier city in the 1400’s run by wealthy ___________________________
b) _______________________________- A rich Banking family introduced income tax
and tax reforms to help the poor. Governed and controlled Florence for many years.
They will support all the ______________
c) It's economic prosperity based on ________________________ and textiles(Wool).
d) Girolamo Savonarola- a _________________________________ who disparaged
all pretense of wealth and church corruption.
- Helped oust the ___________________________________(temporarily) from power.
He’ll criticize the church and will be _____________________________ May 23, 1498.
-Rome- 1500 Rome replaced Florence as the premier city.
a) The Pope and Cardinals living in the _________________, were the wealthiest and
the most powerful.
b) Popes acted as _________________________________ and tax collectors.
-Venice- Served as a link between Europe and Asia.
a) Held a _______________________________ with _______________, which helped
make it the wealthiest city-state.
b) A republican form of Government- headed by an elected_______________________
c) ______________________________________ – elected Doga and wealthy
merchants passed laws.
-Summary-
Renaissance Life
-Education- Scholasticism emphasizes learning from _______________________________
- Broke away from writing in Latin and stressed the subjects: ________________
____________________________________________________.
- ______________________developed when the need for teachers and lawyers.
arose. No longer was education the responsibility of the __________________.
- Vernacular is the ____________________________. Now each country’s own
language was being used. This helped each country in Europe define its own
___________________________
-Renaissance Society- During the Middle Ages a person lived in _______________________ to prove
their ______________________________________ to God.
- During the ______________________________ it will be acceptable to live well
and ____________________life.
- Clothing was ____________________________________________________.
- Used lots of heavy ____________________{Did not believe in bathing a lot}.
- Lower class people’s way of life _________________________ much, but had
more freedom ____________________________ own lives.
-Renaissance Women- Spent most of their lives ________________ children – every ____________
months (A Florence women had _____children, but most died).
- About _________________ of the children survived.
- Women obeyed their _____________________________________________.
- Women ________________________________ an education(Mostly nobles).
- Married while in their _____________________
- Property always in the ___________________________
- If divorced their children went to the _____________________
-Summary-
The Renaissance Arts
-Humanists- Humanists expressed their _____________________, emotions and attitudes in
their work and stress the importance of _________________________________.
- Humans were the subjects of their creations ______________________ religion.
- Made their subjects __________________, the human body was very important.
- Created _________________________, which gave their ___________________
things in the foreground are big and things in the background are small.
- Artists studied _________________________ from ancient Greece and Rome.
- Writers studied classical literature from ancient __________________________
-Famous Sculptors and Painters- A______________________ - painting with water colors on damp plaster.
- Jan and Hubert Van Eyck painters who ________________________________
- __________________________- the New Testament scenes on bronze doors for
the Florence cathedral (21 years to do it).
- __________________________ - first statue cast in bronze, David.
-
___________________________- a brilliant sculptor, David and painted the ceiling of
the Vatican, ___________________________________.
- Raphael - His ______________________________ is a painting of ancient
Greek philosophers.
- ________________________________________ - painted the Last Supper and the
Mona Lisa. An Engineer / Inventor and Studied science: Human anatomy, astronomy, botany, geology,
and engineering (A ___________________________________________).
-Writers- Present real individuals with _________________________________ in this world.
- Niccolo Machiavelli- wrote the book “_____________________________”. A
book on Politics and how to be a strong ruler.
- ___________________________– Wrote “Utopia”, an Ideal society where all
citizens are equal.
- __________________________________ wrote The Divine Comedy, which is
considered a masterpiece. It is the story of how one man (Dante) travels to
______________________________
- __________________________________ – Wrote many famous plays that dealt
with human qualities, - Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet.
- ___________________________ are short _______________________ poems.
-Summary-
Renaissance Spreads North
- The Renaissance __________________& humanists___________________spread to the
north {England, France, Netherlands and other parts of Europe} via
_______________________________________
-War- 1494- France __________________________- They discovered Italian art and fashion &
brought it back to France.
-Travel- As some Italian art filtered out, Northern Europeans artists traveled to Italy to
__________________________________________.
-Trade- With the help of the ___________________________________________ trade will
flourish. Which allows for ____________________________________{spreading ideas
and products among more than one culture} again.
- Innovation- The invention of the movable type _________________________________, allows books
to be printed quicker and cheaper.
- Causes a larger part of the population __________________________
-French Renaissance –
- ______________________________ wrote sonnets about love, the passing of youth and
immortality
- _____________________________ wrote comic tales- believed that people should enjoy
life to the fullest.
-Northern Europe- _____________________ Belgium, Luxembourg and____________________________
- More religious than Italy- Christian humanists wanted reforms in ____________________
- _____________________________________ was a painter. He lived in the Netherlands.
He was obsessed with ______________________________. He painted distorted people:
They gave in to temptation on earth and were doomed to suffer tortures in hell. His most
famous painting is The Garden of Earthly Delights.
- _____________________ - From Netherlands, interested in individual people & realistic
details, painted scenes from peasant life to religion.
- __________________________________________ German engraver and painter
emphasized realism {_________________________________}
-English Renaissance- Started about 1485-after the ____________________________ – the Tudor family invited
Italians scholars to England - William Shakespeare a famous playwright.
- ____________________ One of the great German artists who did most of his work in England.
-Summary-
Protestant Reformation
-Protestant Reforms- By 1500’s reforms were being called for in the way’s the church was__________
_______________________________________________.
- _____________________________________, the first Christian humanist. In his
book, Praise of Folly, he criticized the ___________________________________
for forgetting about the spiritual needs of individuals.
- Martin Luther (_____________________) led a split in the German churches –
________________________________________.
-Martin Luther- Justification by faith- ____________________________ by having faith in god.
- He was against ____________________________________- certificates that
canceled the punishment for a person’s sins.
- Indulgences were being sold by, _________________________
- In 1517 - he posted ________________________ criticizing the church’s actions.
Many people took notice of his message.
- Gutenberg’s _____________________________________ made it possible for
Luther to spread _______________________________________
- _________________________________ in Germany - decided Luther needed to
take back his criticism.
- Pope Leo X{____________} was the Pope during the _____________________
_____________________________________.
- __________________________ will excommunicate Martin Luther for his essays.
- He also _________________________ the New Testament (Latin) into
_____________________, which allows the common people to read it.
- Luther forms the ____________________________: Lutheranism- salvation by
faith, religious truth and _____________________________
- All occupations are important not just priesthood. Priesthood was a
_________________________________ This was appealing to business people,
because god did not look down on then for making money.
- Luther dies at age ____________, with his wife and children by his side.
-Summary-
Spread of Protestantism
-John Calvin- John Calivin a reformer from the ________________________________
Switzerland.
- Wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion, belief that God
___________________________________________________________.
- Preached ______________________________ God determines the fate of
every person when you’re born.
- Calvin believed:
a) _____________________________ through Predestination
b) At birth it is decided if you will go to ___________________________
- Calvinism is a strict form of _________________________________,
who’s __________________________________________ attracted many.
- It was started in Switzerland and then spreads:
a) Scotland = _________________________________
b) Holland = Dutch Reform
c) France = __________________________________
d) Germany = Reform Church
e) England = _________________________________
-Swiss Reforms- ___________________________ led the Swiss Protestant movement,
“____________________________”. A Mixture of religion and politics.
- Set up churches known as _______________________ -Believed salvation
can be done ________________________________
- Denounced many Catholic practices like ___________________________
__________________________________________
- Established a __________________ {_____________________________}
lost the city of Zurich, Switzerland to the ____________________________
- __________________________________, believed baptism should not
happen until adulthood.
-Summary-
England’s Reformation
- England’s Reform - _______________________________created the Anglican Church{Anglicanism},
“_______________________________________”.
- He wanted a _____________________ to his throne. His wife Catherine of Aragon
did not produce one. The King decided to marry ________________________ in hope
she will __________________________.
- The Pope refused his request for a divorce. In 1534 Henry got Parliament to pass laws
separating Church and Gov’t.
- Anne gave him a girl instead, so Henry had ____________________. He had
_____________________ and no male heirs (that lived to adulthood).
-The Six Wives of Henry VIII1. Wife Number One... ____________________________________- Divorced
2. Wife Number Two…___________________________________ - Beheaded
3. Wife Number Three...___________________________________ - Died of an illness
4. Wife Number four…____________________________________- Marriage annulled.
5. Wife Number Five...____________________________________ - Beheaded
6. Wife Number Six…_____________________________________- Outlived Henry VIII
- The ________________________________, named the King of England and not the Pope the
head of the, “Church of England.”
-Edward VI, Bloody Mary and Elizabeth I- Edward VI ______________________________________________ on 6 July 1553, aged 15.
- In 1553 Henry’s daughter___________ruled England – She was a ________________________
gave the church back to the Pope.
- She __________________________________, this act made people support the Protestants more.
After (5 years of rule) her death, her sister Elizabeth will rule.
- In 1558 _____________________ ruled England – Reforms the English church – It was
_______________________________
- Those in England who rejected the Catholic rituals and want “_________________” were called
_______________________________.
-How Protestants and Catholics are Similara) Both are _____________________________________________
b) Believe ______________________________________________
c) Baptism and Communions _______________________________
d) Use the same __________________________________________
-Summary-
The Catholic Reformation
- The Catholic reformation was a ______________________________ against
the Protestants. They eliminated many abuses, clarified its
___________________ and reestablished the______________________
authority over the church.
-Redefining Catholicism- 1542 the church set up an _________________________{a court}- to try
Heretics ( _________________________) and to reestablish the popes
authority.
- The ____________________________ met from 1545 to 1563 to clearly
define Catholic teachings:
a) Salvation, ________________________________________________
b) Latin translation___________________________________________
c) Forbade the ______________________________________________
d) ______________________________________________strict rules
e) Mass said in Latin__________________________________________
-Spreading Catholicism- __________________________, an Englishman who taught that Jesus is true
head of church and not the Pope. Church officials shouldn’t own land or be
wealthy. Bible is final Authority. First to translate the bible into ______________.
- _________________________ a Czechoslovakian preacher – taught bible is
the higher authority and did sermons in Czech instead of Latin.
- _________________________ – A Spanish missionary – created the Society
of Jesus (________________________).
- __________________________- Spread Catholicism through education and
started Universities – lived simply: _________________________________
__________________________________________________________
- Results of the Reformation- Europe would be roughly divided into _________________________ and
___________________________, which will cause Full-scale religious wars.
-Summary-
Johannes Gutenberg has just invented a moveable type printing press. Now we
can print things, like Newspapers a lot easier. It is your/groups job to create an
eye-popping front page for your new newspaper.
*Your topic is The Renaissance and Reformation Period.
Choose a job:
a) Writers - creates the written material.
b) Visual stylists - creates the visuals.
c) Editor - makes final decisions and helps with the writing and visuals.
Make sure to include:
1. A title for your Newspaper
2. Interviews with at least two important figures.
3. At least two articles about important events/occurrences.
4. At least two advertisements.
5. Pictures of the time period{drawn or printed on your printer!}.
6. A cartoon strip or political cartoon you developed.
 Buy a white poster (around) 22.28
 Make sure to organize the layout properly. All needs for computer use will
be done at home or during lunch in the media center. Make sure to use all
space available on the Poster/Newspaper
 Extra Credit: If you type all the written and you neatly/properly put it on
the poster.
 Grade: Visuals, Color, Neatness/Organization, Written, Topic Accuracy.
Points earned = 20/10/5
 Now Stop your cheering and write the Due Date_______________