Download EDUC 2130 - Educational Psychology Interactive

EDUC 2130
Quiz #3
1.
Which of the following is a definition of learning from an operant conditioning
perspective?
a. Learning is the unobservable mental process that individuals use to learn and
remember information.
b. Learning is the change in an individual's behavior over time as a result of
pleasurable and painful consequences.
c. Learning is taking in, processing, storing, and retrieving perceptual information.
d. Learning is the association of stimuli that will automatically elicit a response
with stimuli that will gain the organism’s attention.
2.
A researcher found that students who scored high on a measure of global thinking
style scored low on the mathematics portion of the SAT. The researcher can say
that global thinking style and mathematics achievement are
a. negatively correlated.
c. internally correlated.
b. positively correlated.
d. externally correlated.
3.
The first step in establishing a behavior modification program is to
a. choose a reinforcer and criteria for reinforcement.
b. choose a punisher and a criteria for punishment.
c. establish a baseline for the target behavior.
d. identify the target behavior(s).
4.
In the model of the teaching/learning process discussed in class, the performance of
a school guidance counselor would be classified as a(n) _____________ variable.
a. context
c. process
b. input
d. output
5.
Catlin puts gum on Aisha’s chair. Aisha retaliates at lunch time by pouring her
chocolate milk on Catlin’s sandwich. Catlin has apparently received
a. response cost.
c. negative reinforcement.
b. positive reinforcement.
d. punishment.
6.
A consequence is considered a punisher if it
a. is generally viewed by society as aversive.
b. is generally regarded by the subject as aversive.
c. reduces the frequency of the behavior that preceded it.
d. has no effect on the frequency of the behavior that preceded it.
7.
A learning strategy that allows a student to escape from an unpleasant situation by
increasing appropriate behavior is called
a. removal reinforcement.
c. response reinforcement.
b. response cost.
d. negative reinforcment.
8.
Whenever Lucy fails to turn in her homework, Ms. Valesky makes her stay after
school. Unfortunately, the more Lucy is kept after school, the greater her tendency
becomes NOT to do homework. A behavior analyst would thus define Lucy’s being
kept after school as a(n) _____________ for her failing to do homework.
a. aversive stimulus
c. reinforcer
b. unconditioned stimulus
d. punisher
9.
Which of the following statements reflects most researchers’ view of how to
appropriately use extrinsic rewards?
a. Do not use them in classrooms situations.
b. Use them mainly for subjects that have high intrinsic incentive.
c. Use them mainly for subjects that have low intrinsic incentive.
d. Use them on most tasks, regardless of their intrinsic incentive.
10. Dana punished her son whenever he hit his brother. She was consistent, delivered
the punishment immediately after the behavior, was firm but used mild forms of
punishment, and intervened early in the sequence of behaviors leading up to the
misbehavior. Her son still hit, though. What could Dana be doing wrong?
a. She is not using a harsh enough punishment.
b. She is forgetting to explain fully why she is punishing her son.
c. She is forgetting to reinforce her son for a positive alternative behavior.
d. She is not allowing enough time between the behavior and the punishment.
11. In applying consequences for routine misbehavior, the most important factor is the
___________ of the punishment.
a. nature
c. duration
b. certainty
d. severity
12. Applied behavior analysis strategies use rewards in a more systematic way and
a. avoid punishers for minor disruptions, but use them to show students who is
boss.
b. use punishers for all but the most minimal misbehavior.
c. use punishers for every violation of the rules.
d. avoid punishers as much as possible.
13. When Kent was tardy three days in a row, he lost his recess privileges for a week.
What method of operant conditioning was used?
a. Time out
c. Negative reinforcement
b. Response cost
d. Presentation punishment
14. Ms. Jonassen is teaching a new math skill with which Maria is having great
difficulty. Which schedule of reinforcement should Ms. Jonassen try to use with
Maria until she shows some progress?
a. Fixed ratio
c. Fixed interval
b. Variable ratio
d. Variable interval
15. Maria Escalano collects homework on average two to three days a week, while Jack
Evans collects homework every day. Both teachers score and return the homework
the day after collecting it. Students in Ms. Escalano’s class receive reinforcement
based on a __________ schedule, while students in Mr. Evans’ class receive
reinforcement based on a ___________ schedule.
a. fixed ratio, continuous
c. variable interval, fixed interval
b. variable ratio, fixed ratio
d. variable interval, fixed ratio
16. Which of the following describes a theory?
a. The better teachers are prepared the better educational experience they will
provide students.
b. Corrective feedback is beneficial because it tells students what they did
correctly or incorrectly.
c. Educators who have become certified through alternative means have a higher
attrition rate than teachers who complete a traditional four-year preparation
program.
d. The measurement of learning by teachers inside the classroom is of relatively
little importance compared to the scores received by students on standardized
tests.
17. Mrs. Apple tells her students that once they finish the assigned computer activity
involving sentence diagrams, they can access the Cartoon Network's Internet story
board. The story board asks the kids to fill in a paragraph with nouns, verbs,
adverbs, and adjectives of their choosing. Based on their selections, the story board
responds with a humorous paragraph involving the kids' favorite cartoon characters.
The students enjoy the story board program and complete their assigned work
quickly.
Of the following, the idea that most precisely explains the effectiveness of the
story board activity as a reinforcer:
a. the Premack Principle.
b. use of a positive stimulus.
c. shaping the target behavior.
d. providing a cue as an antecedent to a desired behavior.
18. Mrs. Paulini has read the research findings regarding school achievement and selfconcept. She is most likely, therefore, to stress
a. directly attempting to improve students’ self-concepts to increase their
achievement.
b. teaching that improves students’ achievement to also improve their self-concepts.
c. affective training with the high-achieving students to improve their self-concepts.
d. self-concept improvement strategies with parents, since they are the ones who
will have the greatest effect on students’ self-concepts.
19. Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio schedule in the classroom?
a. Students raise their hands hoping that they will be called upon to answer the
question.
b. Every time a student gives the correct answer the teacher praises him.
c. A teacher collects homework every Tuesday morning.
d. A teacher gives students bonus points for every four seatwork activities they
complete.
20. It is generally accepted that the best way to enhance a student’s academic selfconcept is to change his or her
a. attitude towards the subject.
b. aptitude in that subject.
c. attitude towards learning and the school.
d. achievement behavior in a specific subject.