Download The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System
Introduction
What Is Endocrine System?
Endocrine System Function
The Endocrine System is a collection of glands
that secretes different hormones for the
various functions and chemical reactions
occurring within the body.
• Main function – to maintain a stable
environment within your body or
homeostasis.
• Major function – promoting the structural
change of the body.
Structural and Functional connection
between Endocrine and Nervous System
• Structure – Some Endocrine glands contain nerve
tissues
• Chemical some substances, such as adrenaline,
act as both hormones and neurotransmitters.
• Function – body systems work together in
controlling physiological processes.
• Along with the Nervous System, the Endocrine
System provides integration of the different
organs and tissues, If one does not work, the
other organs malfunction. too
Principal Parts of the Endocrine
System
• Endocrine glands that secrete hormones. Although there
are eight major endocrine glands scattered throughout the
body, they are still considered to be one system because
they have similar functions, similar mechanisms of
influence, and many important interrelationships.
• Hormones are your body's chemical messengers. They
travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs. They work
slowly, over time, and affect many different processes,
including
Growth and development
Metabolism Sexual function
Reproduction
Mood
Glands and their Hormones
• There are 8 Major Glands:
1. Hypothalamus glands
2. Pituitary gland
3. Parathyroid Gland
4. Thyroid Gland
5. Pancreas
6. Ovaries
7. Testes
Hypothalamus
Gland
• Is located at the base of
specialized cells that are
located in the lower central
part of the brain
• Is the main link between
the endocrine and nervous
system
Pituitary Gland
• Is located at the base of the
brain just below the
hypothalamus.
• Is known as the master
gland
• Secretes hormones on the
basis of the emotional and
seasoal changes
• Divided into two part: the
anterior lobe and the
posterior lobe
• Anterior Lobe – regulates the activity of the
thyroid, adrenals, and the reproductive
glands.
Produce hormones:
Growth Hormone – Growth f the bones and
tissues
Prolactin – production of milk
Thyrothropin – stimulate thryoid gland to
produce thyroid hormones
Carticotropin – Stimulate adrenal glands to
certain hormones
• Posterior Lobe – Of the pituitary gland
produces antidiuretic hormone that helps to
control the water balance in the body
Produce Hormone:
Endorphins – a hormone that signal the
reprocutive glands to secrete hormones
Oxytoxins – trigger the contractions of the
uterus in the woman who is in labor
Thyroid Gland
• Is situated in the front part of
the lower neck that is shaped
like a bowtie or a butterfly
Produce hormone:
Thyroxine – control the rate at
which the cell
use up energy from foof for
production of
energy
Calcitonin – growth in bones
and the
development of the brain
Parathyroid Gland
• Regulate calcium and
phosphate balance in the
blood plasma
Produce Hormone:
Calcitinin – regulates the
level of calcium in
bloodproduced by the
thyroid
Adrenal Gland
• Located on top of each of the
kidney ; has two parts which
are:
Cortex (outer portion)
Cortisol – that regulates the
metabolism (salt and
water levels) proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
Medulla(inner portion)
Adrenaline – are emergency
glands and it increases
the blood pressure and heart
rate when the body is
under stress
Pancreas
• These glands are associatd
with the digestive system of
the human body. They
secrete digestive enzymes
Produce Hormones
Insulin – controls the storage of
sugar in the
liver and sugar breakdown in
tissues
Glucagon – converts glycogen
to glucose and
this process occurs when blood
glucose
concentration is slow
Sex Gonads
• Male and female reproductive
system contains glands; male
have prostate gland and
Cowper's gland while female
have glands that are found in the
uterus that lines the mucus
membrane in the uterus
Hormone produce
Testes
Testosterone – sex hormones of
the male
Ovaries
Estrogen – hormone for sexual
maturation(during puberty)
Progesterone – involved in the
regulation of menstrual cycle
Pineal gland
• Is located in the center of the brain.
MELATONIN is secreted by this gland that
helps regulate the sleeping cycle of person
Disorders of the Endocrine System
• Diabetes insipidus
• is caused by deficient pituitary secretion of vasopressin
(also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH), or by the
kidneys' inability to respond to the vasopressin
hormone. The kidneys' inability to respond to
vasopressin can be caused by various drugs and
diseases. The reasons for the pituitary's decreased
secretion of vasopressin include pituitary tumor,
pituitary cyst, head trauma, and unknown factors. The
following discussion pertains to deficient secretion of
vasopressin by the pituitary gland.
• .