Download Assignment 10

Carl Christennsen, PhD
Chap. 19, 20, & 21 - Circulatory System
Bio. 2304 Human Anatomy
HEART
1. What kind of blood is found in the rt. atrium? (oxygenated or deoxygenated)
Where does this blood come from? (body or lungs)
What 2 large blood vessels bring blood to this chamber?
2. What kind of blood is found in the right ventricle? (oxygenated or deoxygenated)
Where is this blood going? (body or lungs)
What blood vessel takes blood from this chamber?
3. What kind of blood is found in the left atrium? (oxygenated or deoxygenated)
Where does this blood come from? (body or lungs)
What 4 blood vessels bring blood to this chamber?
4. What kind of blood is found in the left ventricle? (oxygenated or deoxygenated)
Where is this blood going? (body or lungs)
What blood vessel takes blood from this chamber?
5. What is the general function of the valves?
6. What valve is found between the right atrium & ventricle?
What valve is found between the left atrium & ventricle?
This valve is also known as the __________________ valve.
7. Semilunar valves can only be found in what type of blood vessel? (artery or vein)
Specifically, what 2 blood vessels contain semilunar valves?
8. How can you tell the difference between the atrioventricular (cuspid) & semilunar valves?
9. How can you tell the difference between the left & rt. sides of the heart?
10. The technical term for the “heart strings” is the _____________ ______________. Heart strings are only
associated with _________________ valves.
11. What is the function of the papillary muscles?
12. Semilunar valves prevent backflow into the _________________. What actually closes these valves?
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13. AV or cuspid valves prevent backflow into the _____________. What actually closes these valves?
14. ___________________ carry blood to the heart. (arteries or veins)
15. ___________________ carry blood away from the heart. (arteries or veins)
16. In the systemic system, arteries always carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood.
In the systemic system, veins always carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood.
17. In the pulmonic system, arteries always carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood.
In the pulmonic system, veins always carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood.
18. Is “deoxygenated blood” really completely deoxygenated?
19. Blood vessels which deliver and drain blood from the heart muscle cells themselves are called
_____________________.
20. The coronary sinus (vein) delivers (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood to the ____________ atrium.
21. The right and left coronary arteries arise from the base of the ______________.
22. Cardiac muscle cells form 2 separate networks: ______________ & ________________. What separates
the 2 networks?
23. Myofibers within a particular network are connected to other cells in that network by __________________
____________.
24. What is the effect of the autonomic nervous system on the heart (parasympathetic and sympathetic
divisions)?
25. T or F Like skeletal muscle, contraction of the heart muscle depends on extrinsic nerve impulses.
26. Cardiac muscle is made up of contractile and noncontractile muscle cells. The noncontractile cells make up
the __________________ system.
27. The conduction system includes what 2 nodes?
28. Where is the SA node located?
29. Where is the AV node located?
30. Which node is the “pacemaker” of the heart?
31. The spread of depolarization from the SA node to the AV node leads to (atrial or ventricular) contraction.
32. Where is the bundle of His located?
33. Where are the bundle branches and Purkinje fibers located?
34. What part of the conduction system stimulates most of the ventricle cells to contract?
35. Why is the Purkinje network more extensive on the left side?
36. Explain why the papillary muscles contract before the ventricle walls fully contract?
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37. Blood always flows from ___________ pressure to ___________ pressure.
38. If pressure in a chamber is low, are the walls of that chamber relaxed or contracted (is the chamber in
diastole or systole)?
39. If pressure in a chamber is high, are the walls of that chamber relaxed or contracted (is the chamber in
diastole or systole)?
40. When you take someone’s blood pressure, you are really measuring the contraction force of what chamber in
the heart? (right ventricle or left ventricle)
41. Matching
a. fibrous pericardium b. serous pericardium
e. myocardium
f. endocardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. visceral pericardium
forms a double layer around the heart; fluid filled pericardial space occurs between the 2 layers
outer, heavy connective tissue that prevents distention of the heart, protects the heart, and anchors the
heart in the mediastinum
cardiac muscle tissue
outer layer of the serous pericardium; attached to the fibrous pericardium
inner layer of the serous pericardium; attached to the myocardium (covers the outside of the heart)
also called the epicardium
thin layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the inside of the heart and covers valves and
chordae tendinae
42. In the fetus, what 2 shunts does the blood take to bypass the pulmonary circuit?
43. Where does the foramen ovale occur?
44. What happens to the foramen ovale after the infant takes her first breath and the lungs inflate?
45. What is the remnant of the foramen ovale called?
46. Where does the ductus arteriosus occur?
47. What happens to the ductus arteriosus after birth?
48. What is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus called?
BLOOD VESSELS
1. In what blood vessels does gas, nutrient, and waste exchange take place?
2. In systemic capillaries, blood picks up __________ and drops off ____________. (carbon dioxide or
oxygen)
3. In pulmonary capillaries, blood picks up ___________ and drops off _____________. (carbon dioxide or
oxygen)
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4. __________________ veins draining the stomach and intestines empty their nutrient rich blood into the
____________ ___________ vein, which transports this blood to the ___________. After the liver has
processed the blood, it enters the __________ veins and is then dumped into the large _____________
_________ _________, which delivers the blood to the right atrium of the heart.
5. Describe the general structure of a blood vessel (make sure to include the types of tissue found in each layer.
6. Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
7. Arrange the following layers from the inside to the outside.
tunica media
tunica interna
tunica externa
8. What blood protein is responsible for drawing most of the interstitial fluid back into the blood at the venous
end of the capillary?
9. Describe the general structure of capillaries. Be able to list the three types and describe them histologically.
10. Differentiate between shunt capillaries and true capillaries.
11. Compare/contrast veins and arteries (concentrate on the differences)
12. Why do veins need valves?
13. Explain why the circle of Willis is needed.
14. Where is the circle of Willis found?
15. What arteries feed into the circle of Willis?
BLOOD
1. The process of blood cell formation is called ___________________.
2. Hematopoeisis takes place in the ______________ _______________.
3. The liquid portion of blood is called _________________.
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4. Define serum.
5. Plasma is responsible for transporting most of what gas?
6. The red blood cells are responsible for transporting most of what gas?
7. Why don't red blood cells have a nucleus? (2 reasons)
8. Why do rbc’s wear out after about 120 days?
9. Why don’t red blood cells have mitochondria?
10. The pigment molecule responsible for transporting oxygen in a rbc is ________________.
11. What element is associated with the hemoglobin molecule and binds reversibly to oxygen?
12. Name the wbc’s from most numerous to least numerous.
13. What component of blood is not a cell, but is a cell fragment?
14. Platelets are involved in the clotting reaction called __________________. This clotting reaction involves
both platelets and blood _________________.
15. Matching.
a. albumin
b. fibrinogen
c. globulin
d. hemoglobin
binds to oxygen in red blood cells
most abundant plasma protein
hemostasis
hemostasis, transport, and immunity
helps buffer blood pH; contributes to blood viscosity; helps regulate blood pressure (helps draw plasma
back into venule end of capillary)
antibody
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