Download Chapter 3 Section 1 Notes I. Indo European Migration A. Group of

Chapter 3 Section 1 Notes
I. Indo European Migration
A. Group of seminomadic people from the Caucasus between
the Black and Caspian Seas
1. Language of modern Europe and Southern Asia
2. Aryans were one of the major groups
II. Hittites Blend Empire and Technology ( 1650 B.C.)
A. Occupied Anatolia or current day Turkey
B. Hattuas was capitol city
C. Conquered Babylonians
D. Own code of laws more forgiving than Hammurabi’s
E. War machine developed iron weapons used chariots
F. First treaty in history with Egyptians
III. Aryan Invaders Transform India
A. Aryans invade India
B. Sacred text, the Vedas
1. Collection of prayers
C. Rig Veda were hymns to Aryan gods
1. Shiva was main god
D. Developed the Caste system
1. Grouping based on skin color
a. Aryans were light skin
b. Original Indians called Dasas or Dravidians
were dark skinned
E. Mahabharata was India’s first great Epic
1. About blending of Indian culture
Chapter 3 Section 2 Notes
I. Hinduism Develops over Centuries
A. Upanishads are Hindu teaching that explain answers to life’s major
questions
B. Brahman is the world soul that unites all atman (living beings)
C. Perfect understanding is called moksha
D. One life is not enough to understand the process so the
idea of Reincarnation occurred
1. The rebirth of the soul over and over until moksha is
understood
E. Dharma is the path of each caste (scoreboard)
F. Karma is the individual good and bad acts
G. gods of Hinduism
1. Brahma the creator
2. Vishnu the protector
3. Shiva the destroyer
H. Mahavira the founder of Janism believed everything had a soul
1. Promoted non violence
II. The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment
A. Siddhartha Gautama born into royal family in Nepal
B. Even though born into royalty , he left his palace and family searching
for religious truth
C. After sitting 49 days in meditation under a fig tree he found
enlightenment or wisdom and became known as the Buddha
D. Four Noble Truths
1. Everything in life has suffering and sorrow
2. The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire for the temporary
pleasure of the world
3.The way to end all suffering is to end desire
4. The way to overcome such desire and attain enlightenment is to follow
the Eight Fold Path
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Right View, Right Resolve, Right Speech, Right Conduct, Right Livelihood, Right
Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration
E. Buddhism spread to China and Southeast Asia but was absorbed by Hinduism in India
F. Buddhism Spirit world is Nirvana
Stupas and Pagodas religious buildings
Chapter 3 Section 3 Notes
I. Minoans Trade Far and Wide 2000-1400 B.C.
A. From island of Crete
B. Capitol city was at Knossos
C. King Minos was the ruler and the civilization became known as Minoan
Civilization
D. Legend of the Minotaur
1. Body of man head of bull
2. Lived under the city of Knossos in labyrinth
3. Theses was the hero who killed the minotaur
a. Given a ball of thread by the kings
daughter
b. Saved the six boys and girls from the
mainland
II. Phoenicians Spread Trade and Civilization
A. Phoenicia is located in current day Lebanon
B. Founded many city-states around the Mediterranean
1. Carthage located in current day Tunisia
C. Two major cities
1. Tyre
2. Sidon
D. Phoenician alphabet
1. Alpha and Beth
E. Built two story houses
F. Fired glass
Chapter 3 Section 4 Notes
I. The Search for a Promised Land
A. Hebrews lived in the land of Cannan also called
Palestine
B. First five books of the Old Testament were called the
Torah, the holy book of the Hebrews
C. Abraham was the father of the Hebrew and lived in
the Mesopotamian city Ur around 2000 B.C.
D. Around 1650 B.C. his descendents decided to move to
where they became slaves
E. Hebrews had one God named Yahweh, monotheism
F. Covenant was where Abraham promised to obey God
and God promised to protect Abraham and his
descendants
G. Ark of the Covenant
1. Where Yahweh lived
2. Ten Commandments
3. Moses staff
H. Hebrews became enslaved in Egypt
1. Forced to do hard work
2. Hebrews flee Egypt between 1500- 1200 B.C.
3. Moses leads them out called the Exodus
4. Passover
5. Mt. Sinai he receives the Ten Commandments
from God
I. Judges would govern in times of emergency
1. One women judge named Deborah
J. Religion teachers called prophets interpreted the Torah
II. The Kingdom of Israel
A. The Hebrews were threatened by the Philistines
B. One of the large tribes was from Judah thus the Hebrews
became known as Jews or Judaism
C. Three strong kings of Israel
1. Saul chosen because he drove out the Philistines
2. David establishes Jerusalem as the capitol of
the Hebrews
3. Solomon
a. Built trading empire
b. Built a large temple
1. Which held the Ark of the Covenant
D. Discontent divides the kingdom with Israel in the north
and Judah in the south
III. The Babylonian Captivity
A. In 738 B.C. both Israel and Judah began paying a tribute
to the Assyrians
B. In 722 B.C. all of Israel and Judah fell to the Assyrians
C. Babylonians conquered Syria and Palestine by 586 B.C.
Egypt
1. Babylonian Captivity
2. Time of Nebuchadnezzar
D. Persian king Cyrus the Great conquered the Babylonians
and eased control over the Hebrews