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Chapter 2 section 3 Do Now • 1. What does the building of pyramids tell us about the Egyptians? • 2. What was the leader of Egypt called? • 3. What was the name of the advisor to the leader of Egypt? • 4. What was the name of the Egyptian writing system? Hittite Empire Hittites • 1600 B.C. - 1200 B.C. • First Indo-Europeans to use iron (weapons) Hittite Chariots & Warriors Hittite Writing A Balance of Power: 1200 B. C. E. The Battle of Kadesh Ramses II at Kadesh Treaty of Kadesh Phoenician Sea Routes A Phoenician Bireme Ship Phoenician City of Byblos: “Home of the Alphabet” Phoenician Alphabet Carthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest Colony Phoenicians • Sea traders • Carthage (most famous colony) • Known for its alphabet (symbols to represent sounds) • Eventually passed on to the Greeks The Kingdom of Israel (DNWTD) • 1000 B.C. the Hebrews set up the Kingdom of Israel • David and Solomon (skillful rulers) • David was a humble shepherd who defeated Goliath • Later David became a strong shrewd King who united the Hebrew tribes into one nation Cont. • Solomon (David's Son) turned Jerusalem into an impressive capital • Won praise for his wisdom and understanding • Negotiated with Egypt and Mesopotamia • Solomon's ambition backfired after his death • his building projects required a lot of taxes, and also required a lot of labor • people revolted and split Israel in the North, and Judah in the South • Weakened by the division, the Hebrews could not fight off invaders • Israel fell to the Assyrians 722 B.C • 586 B.C. Babylonian armies captured Judah What do you know about Judaism??? At the Crossroads (DNWTD) • Hebrews were one of the many people of the Fertile Crescent • Hebrews came to believe that God was taking a hand in their history • Recorded events and laws in the Torah, their most sacred text • Hebrews told of the Great Flood that devastated their land • Believed God had sent the flood to punish the Nomadic People (DNWTD) • Hebrews lived near Ur in Mesopotamia • 2000 B.C. they migrated herding flocks of sheep and goats into a region known as Canaan (later called Palestine) • The book of Genesis tells that around 1800 B.C. a famine in Canaan forced many Hebrews to migrate to Egypt • enslaved in Egypt DNWTD • In time, Moses led them to freedom out of Egypt • 40 years, the Hebrews wondered around in the Sinai Peninsula • After Moses died, the Hebrews entered Canaan and defeated the people there reclaiming land they thought God had promised to them. A Covenant with God • • • • • Judaism is monotheistic (call god Yahweh) Believe they were God's chosen people Believe God made the Ten Commandments Prophets emerged to interpret God's will Preached that failure to follow God's will would lead to disaster for The Hebrews. QuickTime™ and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture. The Assyrian Empire Assyrian Military Power Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s gods. Jewish Captives: c 8 BCE Babylon under the Chaldeans Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon Ishtar Gate Hanging Gardens of Babylon? Israelites in Captivity Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near East The Great Library at Alexandria. Egypt