Download Name: WHI: Roman Republic Prezi Notes …After the Punic Wars

Name:
WHI: Roman Republic Prezi Notes
…After the Punic Wars
Between 230 and 130 BCE…
What does Rome control? Eastern Mediterranean Sea
What is “MARE NOSTRUM”? Mediterranean Sea
Why does the size of an empire matter?
Massive size meant changes for governing it
Political Effects of Expansion
• Empire too large
•
Lots of corruption
o
Example of corruption
Roman governors of Provinces stealing wealth
Economic Effects of Expansion
Where did the rich landowners live?
Latifundia-large estates
What happened to the small farmers?
Wealthy Romans buy up land from the small farmers who were off
fighting the wars.
Describe the relationship between the rich and the poor
o Wealthy estate owners used slave labor and small farmers
couldn’t compete
o Created massive unemployment
o Unemployed moved to cities which created overcrowding
o Massive gap between the rich and poor
Social Effects of Expansion
• Too many cultures
•
Led to discontent
•
Slave uprising
Spartacus
Who? Former Greek mercenary
What? Lead a 70,000 slave revolt
When? From 73-71 BCE
Results?
cost Rome men
$$$
resources
confidence in leadership
forced REFORM
VIDEO NOTES: (Slaves-Spartacus)
Slaves –
Gladiators –
Spartacus –
…After the Slave Revolts
The Gracchi Brothers
Who were they? Tiberius and Gaius
What did they want?
•
restored the small farms
•
instituted land reform by limiting the sizes of latifundias
•
gave the land to the poor
What happened to them? both assassinated
Why is this significant? becomes the new political tool
WHAT WILL REFORM DO TO THE REPUBLIC? the days of the Republic are numbered
…After the Reformers
JULIUS CAESAR VIDEO NOTES: (early life-plan for power)
Early life –
Military life –
Political life
Plan for power –
1st Triumvirate:
Who will Julius Caesar turn to? Pompey and Crassus
What were his successes?
•
Conquers all of Gaul
•
Crosses the Rhine
•
Fights the Germanic tribes
•
Invades Great Britain
The Crossing of the Rubicon
What happens to the Triumvirate? Crassus dies in Persia-Triumvirate is gone
What does the Senate decide? Disband Julius Caesar’s army and have him return to Rome
What happened to Pompey?
•
Pompey has sided with the Senate, civil war again.
•
Caesar quickly takes all of Italy and Pompey is beheaded in Egypt.
•
Pompey’s head is delivered to
Caesar on a platter in 49 BCE.
…After Caesar defeats Pompey
47BCE – Caesar named dictator
45BCE – Caesar named dictator for LIFE
Reforms:
•
•
•
Citizenship & representation to
territories outside of Rome
Established the Praetorian guard
Set up the Julian calendar (365 days
+ leap year)
•
•
•
Set up public works projects to
provide jobs
Set up colonies for land for the poor
Distributed free grain
The good? Wise ruler who brought peace to Rome
The bad? A tyrant who wanted to be king
Why is Julius Caesar assassinated?
•
Ancient Roman Law – anyone who plots to be king may be
killed without a trail
•
March 15, 44 BCE (the Ides of March) – Caesar is assassinated
by Senate – lead by Brutus
•
Rome will be plunged into civil war
VIDEO NOTES: (write 2-3 you learned)
...After Julius Caesar dies
2nd Triumvirate
Who makes up this Triumvirate?
•
•
•
Octavian (Caesar’s grandnephew, gets the West including Italy)
Marc Antony (Caesar’s general, gets the East including Greece and Egypt)
Marcus Lepidus (power politician get North Africa)
Accomplishments:
•
By 42 BCE, they have defeated the Senate
•
Execute all Senators responsible for Caesar’s death
•
Rule for 10 years
End result?
What happened to the 2nd Triumvirate?
•
Octavian forces Lepidus to retire from politics
•
Octavian will declare war on Marc Antony (in Egypt with Cleopatra)
•
31 BCE, Octavian defeats Marc Antony in a naval battle at Actium
•
30 BCE, Marc Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide
Who becomes emperor? Octavian
What is his new name? Augustus
Augustus Caesar – 27 BCE
•
•
Appointed
Consul
Tribune
Commander in Chief for Life
Big Deals
-Rules for 41 years
-Rebuilds Rome – replaces brick with marble
-Reformed the Provinces
-Imports grain to feed everyone
-Welfare system of Bread and Circuses
-Built new roads
•
Major Result
Pax Romana (200 years of Peace)
•
Problem
Left no provision for succession