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Name: WHI: Roman Republic Prezi Notes …After the Punic Wars Between 230 and 130 BCE… What does Rome control? Eastern Mediterranean Sea What is “MARE NOSTRUM”? Mediterranean Sea Why does the size of an empire matter? Massive size meant changes for governing it Political Effects of Expansion • Empire too large • Lots of corruption o Example of corruption Roman governors of Provinces stealing wealth Economic Effects of Expansion Where did the rich landowners live? Latifundia-large estates What happened to the small farmers? Wealthy Romans buy up land from the small farmers who were off fighting the wars. Describe the relationship between the rich and the poor o Wealthy estate owners used slave labor and small farmers couldn’t compete o Created massive unemployment o Unemployed moved to cities which created overcrowding o Massive gap between the rich and poor Social Effects of Expansion • Too many cultures • Led to discontent • Slave uprising Spartacus Who? Former Greek mercenary What? Lead a 70,000 slave revolt When? From 73-71 BCE Results? cost Rome men $$$ resources confidence in leadership forced REFORM VIDEO NOTES: (Slaves-Spartacus) Slaves – Gladiators – Spartacus – …After the Slave Revolts The Gracchi Brothers Who were they? Tiberius and Gaius What did they want? • restored the small farms • instituted land reform by limiting the sizes of latifundias • gave the land to the poor What happened to them? both assassinated Why is this significant? becomes the new political tool WHAT WILL REFORM DO TO THE REPUBLIC? the days of the Republic are numbered …After the Reformers JULIUS CAESAR VIDEO NOTES: (early life-plan for power) Early life – Military life – Political life Plan for power – 1st Triumvirate: Who will Julius Caesar turn to? Pompey and Crassus What were his successes? • Conquers all of Gaul • Crosses the Rhine • Fights the Germanic tribes • Invades Great Britain The Crossing of the Rubicon What happens to the Triumvirate? Crassus dies in Persia-Triumvirate is gone What does the Senate decide? Disband Julius Caesar’s army and have him return to Rome What happened to Pompey? • Pompey has sided with the Senate, civil war again. • Caesar quickly takes all of Italy and Pompey is beheaded in Egypt. • Pompey’s head is delivered to Caesar on a platter in 49 BCE. …After Caesar defeats Pompey 47BCE – Caesar named dictator 45BCE – Caesar named dictator for LIFE Reforms: • • • Citizenship & representation to territories outside of Rome Established the Praetorian guard Set up the Julian calendar (365 days + leap year) • • • Set up public works projects to provide jobs Set up colonies for land for the poor Distributed free grain The good? Wise ruler who brought peace to Rome The bad? A tyrant who wanted to be king Why is Julius Caesar assassinated? • Ancient Roman Law – anyone who plots to be king may be killed without a trail • March 15, 44 BCE (the Ides of March) – Caesar is assassinated by Senate – lead by Brutus • Rome will be plunged into civil war VIDEO NOTES: (write 2-3 you learned) ...After Julius Caesar dies 2nd Triumvirate Who makes up this Triumvirate? • • • Octavian (Caesar’s grandnephew, gets the West including Italy) Marc Antony (Caesar’s general, gets the East including Greece and Egypt) Marcus Lepidus (power politician get North Africa) Accomplishments: • By 42 BCE, they have defeated the Senate • Execute all Senators responsible for Caesar’s death • Rule for 10 years End result? What happened to the 2nd Triumvirate? • Octavian forces Lepidus to retire from politics • Octavian will declare war on Marc Antony (in Egypt with Cleopatra) • 31 BCE, Octavian defeats Marc Antony in a naval battle at Actium • 30 BCE, Marc Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide Who becomes emperor? Octavian What is his new name? Augustus Augustus Caesar – 27 BCE • • Appointed Consul Tribune Commander in Chief for Life Big Deals -Rules for 41 years -Rebuilds Rome – replaces brick with marble -Reformed the Provinces -Imports grain to feed everyone -Welfare system of Bread and Circuses -Built new roads • Major Result Pax Romana (200 years of Peace) • Problem Left no provision for succession