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Chapter 16 Section 5 Pages 540 – 543) The Wilderness Campaign What was the Wilderness Campaign? A series of battles between Union and Confederate forces in northern Virginia that delayed the Union capture of Richmond Describe the RESULTS of the Wilderness Campaign? The campaign was seen as a failure Did NOT capture Richmond Lots of Union casualties Sherman Strikes The South What was General William T. Sherman’s goal in the Spring of 1864 AND WHY? What happened on September 2nd, 1864? Capture Atlanta; knock out important Railroad hub Why – Lincoln needed a “big” victory to help with his re-election campaign Atlanta, GA “fell” to Union troops, led by Sherman Where did Headed to the port city of Savannah, GA General Sherman go after Atlanta? Sherman Strikes The South (cont’d) Describe the military tactic known as “Total War.” The practice of destroying civilian, military, & economic resources (for the Civil War, this meant plantations, roads, livestock, crops, homes, etc) How did General Sherman help President Lincoln in the 1864 election? Sherman’s success showed that the Union was able to successfully defeat the Confederacy on its own territory Union victories showed that the war was “winnable” What was the lasting impact of Sherman’s presence in the South? Sherman’s destruction would lead to lasting anger and resentment towards the North that would continue on for generations to come The South Surrenders Why was General Robert E. Lee forced to meet with General Grant in April of 1865? • Lee’s army was trapped • Running low on supplies • Could not “break” the Union lines What happened on April 9th, 1865? • Lee formally surrendered to Grant, thus ending the Civil War What was the significance of Appomattox Court House? • Location of Lee’s surrender to Grant The Effects of the War How many Americans died while fighting in the Civil War? What is the relationship between slavery and the end of the Civil War? Approx. 620,000 What was life like in the South for newly freed African Americans? No homes, no jobs, southern economy in ruins Former slaves could now travel to find loved ones, get married, travel freely throughout the states Defeat of the Confederacy would bring about the end of slavery