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Energy Energy • Flows through ecosystems • Originates from sun • Transferred between organisms • Leaves ecosystem as motion and heat Autotrophs & Heterotrophs • Heterotroph – an organism that must acquire energy by consuming other organisms • Autotroph – an organism that is able to capture energy from the environment and store it in the chemical bonds of organic molecules • Photosynthesis • Chemosynthesis uses chemicals instead of sunlight as an energy source • Bacteria and archaea ATP • • • • Organisms use chemical energy from food (carbohydrates) Breaking down carbohydrate bonds releases energy Stored in energy-carrier molecule (ATP) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – the energy-carrier molecule used to power cellular processes • Stores energy in the chemical bonds between its three phosphate groups Biology 4.1 – Energy Energy Photosynthesis and Respiration Overview • Photosynthesis – the chemical reaction that captures energy from sunlight and stores it in the chemical bonds of organic molecules • Creates sugars • Allows autotrophs to store solar energy • Chemical equation for photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy à C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide + water + energy à glucose + oxygen • Only performed by autotrophs • Uses solar energy to create highenergy sugars • Cellular respiration – the chemical reaction used by living cells to release energy from organic molecules • Stores energy within ATP • Energy released as work and heat • Energy powers cellular activities • Chemical equation for respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 à 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy glucose + oxygen à carbon dioxide + water + energy • Performed by autotrophs and heterotrophs • Converts energy in sugars into energy within ATP Biology 4.1 – Energy