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Energy
Autotrophs & Heterotrophs | ATP | Photosynthesis &
Respiration Overview
Energy
Learning Objectives
• Define autotroph and heterotroph
• Explain the use of energy-carrier molecules such as ATP
• Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration
Energy
• Flows through
ecosystems
• Originates from sun
• Transferred between
organisms
• Leaves ecosystem as
motion and heat
Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
• Heterotroph – an organism
that must acquire energy by
consuming other organisms
• Autotroph – an
organism that is able
to capture energy
from the environment
and store it in the
chemical bonds of
organic molecules
– Photosynthesis
– Chemosynthesis
Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
• Chemosynthetic organisms use chemicals instead of
sunlight as an energy source
– Bacteria and archaea
– Bacteria in hydrothermal vents oxidize hydrogen sulfide gas
– Some discovered in other ocean environments and hot springs
on land
ATP
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Organisms use chemical energy from food (carbohydrates)
Breaking down carbohydrate bonds releases energy
Stored in energy-carrier molecule (ATP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – the energy-carrier
molecule used to power cellular processes
– Stores energy in the
chemical bonds between
its three phosphate
groups
ATP
• ATP stores energy in chemical bonds between phosphates
Photosynthesis & Respiration
• Photosynthesis – the chemical reaction that captures
energy from sunlight and
stores it in the chemical
bonds of organic molecules
– Creates sugars
– Allows autotrophs to store
solar energy
• Chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide + water + energy  glucose + oxygen
Photosynthesis & Respiration
• Cellular respiration – the chemical reaction used by living
cells to release energy from
organic molecules
– Stores energy within ATP
– Energy released as work and
heat
– Energy powers cellular
activities
• Chemical equation for respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
Photosynthesis & Respiration
Photosynthesis
• Only performed by
autotrophs
• Uses solar energy to
create high-energy
sugars
• Uses carbon dioxide,
water, and solar energy
to create sugar and
oxygen
Respiration
• Performed by
autotrophs and
heterotrophs
• Converts energy in
sugars into energy
within ATP
• Uses sugar and oxygen
to create carbon dioxide,
water, and ATP
Photosynthesis & Respiration
Energy
Learning Objectives
• Define autotroph and heterotroph
• Explain the use of energy-carrier molecules such as ATP
• Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration