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Energy
Energy
• Flows through ecosystems
• Originates from sun
• Transferred between organisms
• Leaves ecosystem as motion and heat
Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
• Heterotroph – an organism that must acquire energy by consuming other organisms
• Autotroph – an organism that is able to capture energy from the environment and
store it in the chemical bonds of organic molecules
• Photosynthesis
• Chemosynthesis uses chemicals instead of sunlight as an energy source
• Bacteria and archaea
ATP
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Organisms use chemical energy from food (carbohydrates)
Breaking down carbohydrate bonds releases energy
Stored in energy-carrier molecule (ATP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – the energy-carrier molecule
used to power cellular processes
• Stores energy in the chemical bonds between its three
phosphate groups
Biology 4.1 – Energy
Energy
Photosynthesis and Respiration Overview
• Photosynthesis – the chemical reaction that captures
energy from sunlight and stores it in the chemical bonds
of organic molecules
• Creates sugars
• Allows autotrophs to store solar energy
• Chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy à C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide + water + energy à glucose + oxygen
• Only performed by autotrophs
• Uses solar energy to create highenergy sugars
• Cellular respiration – the chemical reaction used by living
cells to release energy from organic molecules
• Stores energy within ATP
• Energy released as work and heat
• Energy powers cellular activities
• Chemical equation for respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 à 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
glucose + oxygen à carbon dioxide + water + energy
• Performed by autotrophs and
heterotrophs
• Converts energy in sugars into
energy within ATP
Biology 4.1 – Energy