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Astronomy Course Summary Department: Science Semester 1 Learning Objective #1 Students understand the basic motions of the solar system and their effects on the earth. Target(s) to Meet Learning Objective #1 Explain the concept of the celestial sphere and the conventions of angular measurement that enable us to locate objects in the sky. Describe how the Sun, Moon, and the stars appear to change their positions from night to night and month to month and from different positions on Earth. Explain the cause of the phases of the moon. Show how the relative motions of the Earth, Moon, and the Sun lead to eclipses. Describe the apparent path and location of the Sun across the sky on the seasonal dates. Identify the causes of seasons on Earth. Demonstrate a working knowledge of a star and planet finder and moon clock. Timeline 4- 6 weeks Learning Objective #2 Students understand how the science of astronomy has developed over the ages. Target(s) to Meet Learning Objective #2 Describe the significant contributions made by ancient Greek scientists. Define and understand the basic terms used in astronomy. Detail the growth and development of modern astronomic theory. Discuss the major contributions of Kepler as applied to the solar system. Explain how the universal law of gravitation accounts for Kepler's laws. Demonstrate a working knowledge of ellipses. Timeline 3- 5 weeks © Liberty High School 2011 Learning Objective #3 Students understand the basic concepts in rocketry and the history of the “space race.” Target(s) to Meet Learning Objective #3 Discuss the basics of flight and the forces affecting flight. Explain Newton’s three Laws of Motion and the Law of Gravity and describe how they apply to rocketry. Discuss key events in the history of space flight. Discuss the importance of the space industry in today’s world. Timeline 3- 4 weeks Learning Objective #4 Students understand the nature of light and its use in astronomy. Target(s) to Meet Learning Objective #4 Discuss the nature of electromagnetic radiation. List the major regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and explain how the properties of Earth's atmosphere affect our ability to make astronomical observations at different wavelengths. Tell how we can determine the temperature of an object by observing the radiation that it emits. Show how the relative motion of a source of radiation and its observer can change the perceived wavelength of the radiation, and explain the importance of this phenomenon to astronomy. Describe the characteristics of continuous, emission, and absorption spectra and the conditions under which each is produced. Specify the basic components of the atom and describe our modern conception of its structure. List and explain the kinds of information that can be obtained by analyzing the spectra of astronomical objects. Timeline 3- 4 weeks © Liberty High School 2011 Semester 2 Learning Objective #1 Students understand the types of telescopes and how each are used in astronomy. Target(s) to Meet Learning Objective #1 Sketch and diagram the basic designs of the major types of optical telescopes. Explain why very large telescopes are needed for most astronomical study, and specify the particular type of advantages of reflecting telescopes for astronomical use. Describe how the Earth’s atmosphere affects astronomical observations, and discuss some of the current efforts to improve ground-based astronomy. Discuss the specific advantages and disadvantages of radio astronomy. Explain how interferometry can be used to enhance the usefulness of radio observatories. Explain why it is important to make astronomical observations in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and discuss some of the telescopes in use today. Understand the basic principles of light, the electromagnetic spectrum, and how they relate to telescopes. Timeline 3- 4 weeks Learning Objective #2 Students understand the structure of the earth and moon. Target(s) to Meet Learning Objective #2 Explain basic atomic structure, ions, isotopes, atomic half-lives, and their importance to astronomy. Outline our current model of Earth’s interior structure. Summarize the evidence for plate tectonics and discuss the physical processes that drive it. Demonstrate an understanding of the rock cycle and name some rocks associated with the different types of rocks. Describe the sources and movement of Earth’s water, weather, and the structure of the atmosphere. Explain the pattern of Earth’s tides and the source for them. Discuss the nature and origin of Earth’s Magnetosphere and its importance to life on earth. Summarize the general characteristics of the Moon and compare them with those of Earth. Summarize the various theories for the formation of the Moon, and indicate which is presently considered the most likely. Timeline 4- 6 weeks © Liberty High School 2011 Learning Objective #3 Students understand the properties of the planets. Target(s) to Meet Learning Objective #3 Describe the methods for grouping planets and give examples of planets in each group Describe the orbital properties and physical features of various solar system objects Contrast the Jovian planets and the terrestrial planets and describe the common properties of each group Name and describe the major moons of various planets Describe the appearance, orbit, behavior, and composition of comets and asteroids Know the location and characteristics of the Kuiper belt, Oort cloud, and asteroid belt Describe some of the major findings of the missions to various solar system objects Discuss the reasons why scientists reclassified Pluto into the minor planet category Timeline 5- 6 weeks Learning Objective #4 Students understand the composition of the sun and the lifecycle of stars. Target(s) to Meet Learning Objective #4 Summarize the overall properties of the Sun. Discuss the nature of the Sun's magnetic field and its relationship to the various types of solar activity. Outline the process by which energy is produced in the Sun's interior. Explain how stars are often classified according to their colors, surface temperatures, and spectral characteristics, and tell why such a classification is useful. State how an H-R diagram is constructed, and summarize the properties of the different types of stars that such a diagram helps us to identify. Summarize the sequence of events leading to the formation and life cycle of stars of various sizes. Explain the characteristics of galaxies, pulsars, neutron stars, quasars, and black holes and how they differ from one another. Timeline 3- 4 weeks © Liberty High School 2011 Learning Objective #5 Students understand the structure and makeup of our Universe and the basic structure and composition of galaxies. Target(s) to Meet Learning Objective #5 Describe the size, shape, and color of the Milky Way galaxy and our position in the galaxy. Describe what a galaxy consists of, where it is found, and how galaxies change over time. Identify the different types of galaxies and distinguish between, galaxies, local groups, super clusters, dwarf galaxies, merging galaxies, starburst galaxies, and active nucleus galaxies. Explain how galaxies are found to rotate due to the Doppler Effect. Identify regions where there is recent star formation. Discuss the scientific method and the evidence that supports the Big Bang Theory. Timeline 2- 3 weeks © Liberty High School 2011