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LOCATION
Ancient Rome was an Italic civilization that began
on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century
BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and
centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to
become one of the largest empires in the ancient
world with an estimated population of 50 to 90
million inhabitants and covering
6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million sq mi)
during its height between the first and second
centuries AD.
In its approximately 12 centuries of existence,
Roman civilization shifted from a monarchy to a
classical republic to an increasingly autocratic
empire. Through conquest and assimilation, it
came to dominate Southern Europe, Western
Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, parts of
Northern Europe, and parts of Eastern Europe.
ROMAN EMPIRE
Pax romana: a time of social, political and
economic stability that lasted until the II
century A.D.
Territorial conquests :the empire reached its
maximum size
Crisis of the III century: the empire entered a
period of decline. This was caused by
corruption, barbarian invasions, increased
taxation.
End of the empire: in 395A.D., Emperor
Theodosius divided the empire, Western
Roman Empire, capital(Rome), Eastern
Roman Empire, capital(Constantinople).
In 476 A.D., the Germanic people deposed the
last emperor of the Western Roman Empire
then became known as Byzantine Empire and
survived until the XV century.
ROMAN EMPIRE
The Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium
Romanum) was the post-Republican period
of the ancient Roman civilization,
characterised by an autocratic form of
government and large territorial holdings
around the Mediterranean in Europe,
Africa,
and Asia. Roman Republic, which
The 500-year-old
preceded it, had been destabilized through a
series of civil wars. Several events marked
the transition from Republic to Empire,
including Julius Caesar's appointment as
perpetual dictator (44 BC); the Battle of
Actium(2 September 31 BC); and the
granting of the honorific Augustus to
Octavian by the Roman Senate(16 January
27 BC).
REPUBLIC
From 509 to 27 B.C., Rome was a
republic and the citizens elected the
government.
 Peoples assemblies: formed by all
citizens, who decided and voted on
laws.
 Magistrates: elected anually.
 The Senate: responsible for
foreign policy and also controlled
the army, religion, the law and the
courts. The senators became so
powerful that, in the end, they
practically ruled the republic.
There was a battle between Rome and
Carthage for taking control of the
Mediterranean Sea, this war was called
The Punic Wars, which took some years
ROMAN EMPERORS (1)
JULIO CESAR OCTAVIO AUGUSTO
FIRST EMPEROR
OF THE ROMAN
EMPIRE
( 27 B.C . to 14 A.D. )
CAYO JULIO CESAR AUGUSTO
(CALIGULA)
One of the biggest
military men of
the history of
Rome
( 37 A.D . to 41
A.D. )
NERON
One of the Emperors : the
most implacable persecutors
of the Christians.
( 54 A.D . to 68 A.D. )
ROMAN EMPERORS
CAYO JULIO VERO MAXIMO
He had enormous force
and stature, 2.59m he
was the highest of the
emperors.
CRISIS OF THE THIRD
CENTURY.
With he began the
beginning of the crisis of
the third century. The
duration was of
approximately 50 years.
( 235 A.D . to 238 A.D. )
ROMULO AUGUSTO
THE LAST ONE
OF THE
EMPERORS.
He resigned his
crown before the
Byzantine Empire
and come THE
END OF THE
ROMAN EMPIRE.
( 475 A.D . to
476A.D. )
ADRIANO
PAX ROMANA.
Third party of five good
emperors, as well as
second of the Hispanic
emperors, during his
reign the Empire was in
peace and reached the
major territorial
extension of his history.
( 117 A.D . to 138 A.D. )
RELIGION IN ROME (1)
- ROMANS BELIVED IN MANY GODS AND GODDESSES
STATE GODS
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ROMAN GODS AND
GODDESSES
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HOUSEHOLD DEITIES
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Househol
LARES
d Deities
made sure
families
had
enought to
eat
MANES
Spirit
s of
PENATE
the
S
Dead Gods
of
the
provision
s
RELIGION IN ROME (2)
CHRISTIANITY
- Christians BELIVE IN a SINGLE GOD ( Monotheism).
- Christians were persecuted by refusal to worship the
Emperor.
- Christians hid in the CATACOMBS.
- 313 A.D. Constantine published the EDICT OF MILAN.
This established freedom of worship in the empire.
- 380 A.D. Theodosius proclamed Christianity to be the
Oficial Religion of the Roman Empire.
ARTS OF ROME
Each historic period of Rome is distinguished
by the art and architecture.
For example the republican art, which is
related to the Republican Rome,appeared the
firsts paintings and portraits.
Or for example, during the imperial Rome, it
is the Augustean art, when it appeared the
sculptures and the marble columns.
During the middle age in Rome, they started
building the firsts catholic
churchs and
they started making mosaics.
Romanic paintings were very abundant in
Rome.
They made paintings which represented
architecture, animals, places and people.
They made portraits of people, and they also
started doing mosaics.
ARTS OF ROME
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There are four types of Roman painting style:
1.Incrustation:
It began on 2nd century B.C and ended on 1st
century B.C. This style is used to decorate the walls
covered by marble, which normally, the wall is
divided into three horizontal layers.
2.Architectual:
It began on 1st century B.C. and ended with the
beginning of the Roman empire. This style consists
to draw a painting on the wall, using a perspective,
to simulate the depth.
3.Arnamental:
In this style, the spatial architectural effects
dissapeared and it was a simple picture inside a
frame, which represented a landscape or a figure.
4.Architectural illusion:
It is an style where the imaginative motif and the
architectural perspective are combined.
TYPICAL
Aqueduct: a bridge that is
Amphitheatre:
this
ARCHITECTURE
constructed to carry water over an
held the gladiator
and animal fights,
also could support
naval combats. The
most famous is in
Rome
Circus: it was
use for chariot
races.
obstacle, such as ravine or valley.
The most famous in Spain is in
Segovia
Theatre: were actors
performed comedies and
tragedies. There is a big
one in Merida, Emerita
Augusta in latin.
Roads: there
were made of
several stone
bricks.
TYPICAL
ARCHITECTU
RE
Thermal baths:
there were
public baths
with different
rooms.
Temples: every
god has his
temple, where
the people
went to pry.
Bridges: had
several pillars and
Triumphal arch: it
they were used to
conmemorated military victories cross usually rivers
and special events.
or valleys.
TIPICAL CLOTHING
The clothing in the Ancient Rome consisted of
two types of pieces as the Greek, calls indutus
(the underwear) and amictus (the exteriors).
The men ,in general ,wore a short tunic, and in
certain occasions it was used another kind of
tunic, the "toga", a great piece of white wool.
The women also wore the tunic and on her, the
"stole" is in use (a long dress with a belt about
the waist) to go out they wore a cape called
"pallium", using one of the edges to cover the
head.
SOCIETY
The population of Rome was structured by wealth
and legal rights. There were freemen (citizens,
freedmen and clients) and slaves. Patricians and
plebeians were citizens group but with different
rights.
The patricians were the descendants of the founders
of Rome and grouped people, families with a
common ancestor. They were a privileged class,
thanks to the possession of large estates, and politics,
as they were the only citizens with political rights.
The plebeians were citizens who settled in Rome after
its founding and only had civil rights. They lived by
trade or craft and small farms
ROMAN GASTRONOMY
Roman cousine changed over the long
term (over a thousands) of its ancient
civilization.
Their habits were influenced by the
Greek culture, political change from
monarchy to republic and then to empire
and the enormus expansion of the latter,
which brought many new cualinary
habits and cooking techniques of the
provinces.
At first, the differencies between social
classes were not at significant, but the
distance between them grew along with
the rule.
ROME DURING THE XXI
CENTURY. • During this century, the Roman people live from
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the tecnology, for example the heating, medicine,
cars…
The cities also improved, for example they
improved the houses, the stadiums of sports,they
made cars and they started using a very
important material for construction called
concrete,which is similar to the cement.
Now, Roman people live in modern houses and
have tecnological objects on their houses and they
can go to modern places like cinemas,museums or
restaurants.
They also had improved a lot the transport, so
now, they use cars, trains and planes. Their
tecnology improved a lot, but they still have some
ancient Roman buildings,like the Roman
coliseum.
Roman hispania
•
Roman Hispania was a colonie
of romans in actually Spain. It
was divided in different
kingdoms called:. Tarraconensis,
Lusitanian, Betica