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Name: Class: GUIDED READING Page 1 Date: Chapter 8 Section 1 Directions: Use the information on pages 252-265 to complete the following statements. 1. When Abraham Lincoln gave his inaugural address, he knew that seven southern states had left the Union in protest of __________________ and their belief in ______________________________. 2. Circle the letter of the correct answer to the following question. Which event officially began the Civil War? A. Lincoln's election B. the surrender of Fort Sumter C. secession D. the formation of the Confederate States of America 3. How many Americans died during the Civil War? ______________________________ 4. By 1863, both the Confederate Congress and the U.S. Congress had approved ______________________, or the drafting of men to serve in the army. 5. Name three advantages that the North had over the South in the Civil War. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 6. Circle the letter of the correct answer. The Confederacy had all of the following advantages over the North EXCEPT 7. A. the Confederacy had many of the best military leaders in the United States. B. the war was fought on territory familiar to southerners. C. Great Britain sent the Confederacy some of its troops. D. southerners had a cause (independence) for which they could fight. What were blockade runners?___________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 8. The two parts of Union General Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman's military strategy were (1) _________________________________________________________ and (2) _________________________________________________________. CHAPTER EIGHT 1 Name: Class: Date: GUIDED READING Page 2 Chapter 8 Section 2 Directions: Use the information on pages 266-276 to complete the following statements. 1. Circle the letter of the correct answer. Civil War battles were different from today's modern warfare in all of the following ways EXCEPT A. Civil War battles involved long lines of hundreds of men fighting each other, separated by 1,000 yards or less. 2. B. much of the battle involved hand-to-hand combat. C. most battles involved long-range guns. D. most battles involved cannons. Georgia's 21st Regiment lost ___________ of its ___________men, or almost ________ percent of its troops at the first Battle of Manassas (the first Battle of Bull Run). 3. According to Figure 27 on pages 267-268, the Civil War battle with the most casualties occurred at __________________, where there were a total of ____________ casualties (______ Union and __________ Confederate). 4. Circle the letter of the correct answer. In what state were the majority of battles and skirmishes fought during the Civil War? 5. A. Tennessee C. South Carolina B. Georgia D. Virginia After Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, what did the Confederate leaders do? _______________________________________________________________ 6. What two areas of Georgia's coast suffered their first major attacks on April 6-7, 1862? ______________________ and ______________________ 7. According to Figure 28 on pages 270-271, which Civil War battles in Georgia ended with no victory for either side? _________________________ and _______________________ 8. What mistake did Confederate General Braxton Bragg make after he won the Battle of Chickamauga? _____________________________________________________ 9. What happened in Atlanta on November 15, 1864? _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 10. Circle the letter of the correct answer. What Georgia city did General Sherman offer to President Lincoln as a Christmas gift? 2 A. Atlanta C. Savannah B. Augusta D. Macon GUIDED READING - GEORGIA Name: Class: Date: GUIDED READING Page 3 11. Chapter 8 Savannah's surrender cut Robert E. Lee off from the __________________ he needed to continue the Southern war effort and _________________ the war in Georgia. 12. The Civil War was officially over on ___________________, when General _________ surrendered to General ______________ at ______________________, Virginia. 13. True or false, Civil War prisons provided the best possible conditions for the prisoners. _____________________________________ Section 3 Directions: Use the information on pages 277-279 to complete the following statements. 1. Most Civil War soldiers were under the age of ___________, came from the ___________ economic groups, and knew _______________ about war. 2. Circle the letter of the correct answer. The most valuable item to a Civil War soldier, especially in the summer, was 3. A. sunblock. C. chickens. B. water. D. rice. True or false, as the war went on, Confederate soldiers continued to dress in gray uniforms. ____________________________________ 4. Why did soldiers sometimes get bored during the war? __________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5. Why was the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers regiment important? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 6. Circle the letter of the correct answer. All of the following Latino men were important figures in the Civil War EXCEPT A. David Farragut. C. Juan Olivardes. B. Rafael Chacon. D. Manuel Chaves. CHAPTER EIGHT 3 Name: Class: GUIDED READING Page 4 Date: Chapter 8 Section 4 Directions: Use the information on pages 286-289 to complete the following statements. 1. During the war, prices in the South (circle one) increased worth (circle one) 2. more and more decreased, and money became less and less. Who was Clara Barton? What did she do after the war? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. List three ways that the lives of southern children changed during the Civil War. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. About one-third of the soldiers who died in the Civil War died on the ______________, but most died from ____________, ____________, and ________________________. 4 GUIDED READING - GEORGIA GUIDED READING Answers Chapter 8 Section 1 1. his election, a state's right to secede 2. B 3. over 620,000 4. conscription 5. Answers will vary, but should include three of the following ideas: (a) The North had a much larger population than the South; (b) The North had many more factories, which supplied the basic materials needed to fight a modern war; (c) The North had the advantage in transportation with most of the railroad tracks and with rails heavy enough to carry troops and heavy equipment; (d) The North had 67 percent of the farms in the United States and 75 percent of the wealth in the country; (e) The North had a monetary system in place, while the South had to create one; (f) The North had an army, a navy, and an experienced government. 6. C 7. Mostly private ships that slipped around the Union blockade and sped into and out of the blocked ports 8. to destroy Confederate armies on the battlefield, to lay waste to the land so that Southern civilians would stop supporting the war Section 2 1. C 2. 184; 242; 76 3. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; 51,112; 23,048; 28,604 4. D 5. They chose to continue to fight. 6. Tybee Island, Fort Pulaski 7. Resaca (Gordon and Whitfield Counties); Utoy Creek (Fulton County) 8. He did not follow up on the Union retreat. 9. The Union army set fire to the city. 10. C 11. supplies; ended 12. April 9, 1965; Lee, Grant, Appomattox Courthouse 13. false Section 3 1. twenty-one; lower; nothing 2. B 3. false 4. because actual battles took up very little time 5. The regiment's bravery and courage impressed President Lincoln and Congress so much that other black troops were given the opportunity to fight in combat rather than serve behind the lines in support roles. 6. C Section 4 1. increased; less and less 2. She was a Union Army nurse supervisor. After the war, she founded the American Red Cross. 3. Answers should include three of the following: no public schools operated during the war; children had to help maintain homes and farms and take care of younger brothers and sisters; mealtimes were not much of a treat as food became scarce in most areas of the South; clothes and shoes were patched and not replaced when they wore out; recreational sports such as hunting and fishing were now essential to provide food for the family; many young boys went off to fight in the war (some as young as 10 years old). 4. battlefield, diseases, wounds, hardships of military prisons CHAPTER EIGHT 5