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Transcript
Energy Energy is the ability to do work * Work is done when a force moves an object through a distance. * Work = Force X Distance * Work is a transfer of energy * Work and energy are measured in Joules (J) * 1 Joule = 1 Newton*meter Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy – energy of motion * Amount of kinetic energy depends on an object’s mass and speed KE = ½ mv2 Potential energy Potential energy – energy that is stored as a result of position or shape. * Stored energy can eventually be converted to kinetic energy * Gravitational potential energy is potential energy that depends upon an object’s height * An object’s gravitational potential energy depends on its mass, its height, and the acceleration due to gravity. PEg = mgh = Fgh (Fg = mg) Several other forms of energy ▪ Elastic Potential Energy – the energy that an object has when it is stretched or compressed. ▪ Ex. Rubber band, spring ▪ Mechanical energy is the energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects. ▪ Mechanical energy is the sum of an object’s potential energy and kinetic energy. * Ex. Speeding trains, bouncing balls ▪ Thermal energy is the total potential and kinetic energy of all the microscopic particles in an object. ▪ When an object’s atoms move faster, its thermal energy increases and it becomes hotter. Chemical energy is the energy stored in chemical bond. When bonds are broken, the released energy can do work. Ex. Coal, gasoline, food Electrical energy is energy associated with electrical charges. Batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Ex. Lightning ▪ Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves. ▪ Ex. Visible light, X-rays ▪ Nuclear energy is energy stored in atomic nuclei. ▪ Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
