Download Study Guide with Answers - Mrs. Rasmussen Science Class

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Cell Review Answers
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Cell Organelles
1. What is the function of the following organelles? Fill in the chart below.
Organelle
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Lysosomes
Function
Organelle where food, water, and oxygen go and are used to
produce energy for the cell
Main control center of the cell, controls activities, where DNA
is found
Organelle where proteins are made
Gel-like fluid that fills the cell and provides some structure
Organelle that helps stuff move around the cell, transportation
throughout the cell
Found only in plant cells, the stiff outer covering that gives the
cell structure and support
Found in all cells, the outer covering that controls what goes in
and out of the cell, protects
Used for storage of food, water, waste, etc.
Found only in plant cells, where the plant cell actually makes
food
Usually found in animal cells, gets rid of waste
2. What are the differences between plant and animal cells? (At least 4)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Shape. Plant cells usually have straight sides, animal cells usually don’t have straight sides.
Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not.
Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do not.
Plant cells generally have one large vacuole, animal cells generally have several small vacuoles.
Plant cells rarely have lysosomes, animal cells usually have them.
3. Label the organelles shown in the pictures below. Label the cells as plant or animal cells.
Plant Cell or Animal Cell? Animal Cell
Plant Cell or Animal Cell? Plant Cell
For pictures of the cells, please see the “Cell Structures” powerpoint on my website.
4. Does a plant cell have mitochondria? Explain why or why not.
Yes, plant cells have mitochondria. Plant cells use energy just like animal cells, therefore they have
mitochondria.
5. What is the purpose of the chloroplast?
Chloroplasts make food in plant cells. The food is then used in the mitochondria to produce energy.
Living and Non Living
1. List the 6 characteristics all living things have in common:
Made of cells, cells contain DNA, use energy, grow and develop, respond to environment, and reproduce.
2. Explain in detail why a frog is considered living?
A frog is living because it has all of the 6 basic characteristics of living things.
3. Explain in detail why a plastic fork is considered non-living?
A fork is non-living because it does not have all of the 6 basic characteristics of living things. It may have some
of them, but it does not have all 6 and therefore is non-living.
4. What is the difference between living, non-living, and dead? Be detailed in your answer!!
Non-living means it never had all 6 of the characteristics. Living means it has all 6. Dead means it used to
have all 6 but no longer has all 6 and will never again have all 6.
5. What are the 5 basic needs or requirements for keeping all living organisms alive?
Food, water, oxygen, living space, and keeping their internal conditions stable (homeostasis.)
6. Put the following things into the correct category of living, non-living, and dead:
Snake
Bar of Soap
Rain
Grapes
Germs
Chair
Redwood Tree
Wind
Firewood
Fallen Leaves
Fossil
Music
Living
Snake
Grapes
Redwood Tree
Germs
Non-Living
Bar of Soap
Wind
Music
Rain
Dead
Fallen Leaves
Fossil (depends on the fossil)
Firewood
Chair (if it is made of wood)
Cell History
1. Draw a brief timeline of this history of cells. Show the main scientists and their contributions IN ORDER.
Also label the major invention that allowed scientists to see cells.
Microscope
Invented
Cells Seen
(Cork)
Cells Seen
All animals are
(Living Cells) made of cells
All plants are
made of cells
Cells come from
other cells
2. Do we know everything there is to know about the cell? Explain.
No! There are always new discoveries being made, new and better microscopes being invented, etc. Science is
constantly changing and progressing.
Osmosis and Diffusion
1. What is the definition of the following? Fill in the chart below.
Method of Movement
Definition
Movement of molecules from a high
Diffusion
concentration to a low concentration, requiring
no energy.
Movement of water molecules from a high
Osmosis
concentration to a low concentration, requiring
no energy.
Movement of molecules from a low
Active Transport
concentration to a high concentration, or
moving big molecules, requiring energy.
Example
Air freshener spreading out in a
room.
Water moving into or out of
vegetable cells.
Cells moving food molecules from
blood stream into the cell.
2. Explain why your skin feels wrinkly after swimming in a lake but tight after swimming in the ocean. Be
detailed in your answer!!
If you swim in a fresh water lake, the water concentration in the lake is higher than your skin cells, so water
moves into your skin cells. In the ocean the water concentration is lower than you akin cells, so water moves
out of your skin cells.
Levels of Organization
1. Name the 5 levels of organization (starting at the level where it is considered living) in order from least
complex to most complex:
Atoms→Molecules→Organelles→Cells→
Tissues→ Organ→ Organ System→ Organism
2. Write a definition for each of the following:
Tissue: a group of similar cells working together to do a job
Epithelial Tissue: forms all coverings and linings of the body
Connective Tissue: connects all of the tissues of the body
Muscle Tissue: responsible for movement
Nerve Tissue: responsible for coordinating all of the body’s activities
Organ: two or more tissue types working together to do a job
Organ System: two or more organs working together to do a job
Organism: an entire living thing capable of carrying out the tasks of a living thing
3. Fill in the table.
Organ System
Cardiovascular Sys.
Respiratory System
Nervous System
Break down food to
a usable form
Pump blood to deliver
oxygen and nutrients to
cells and waste from
cells
Get oxygen into the
body and carbon
dioxide out
Control and
coordinate all of the
body’s activities
Main Organs in
System
Mouth, esophagus,
stomach, small and large
intestine, liver, gall
bladder, pancreas
Heart, arteries,
veins, capillaries
Nose, mouth,
trachea, lungs,
diaphragm
Brain, spinal cord,
eyes, nerves
Which of the basic
needs it meets
Food, water,
homeostasis (waste
removal)
Food, water,
Oxygen,
homeostasis, oxygen homeostasis (waste
removal)
Purpose of System
Digestive System
All of them!
4. Which Level of Organization are the following items (see question 1 at the top of the page for levels):
A Heart Organ
Fat Tissue
The Brain Organ
Endocrine System Organ System
A Bird Organism
Red Blood Cell Cell
A Frog Organism
Muscle Cells Tissue (because it is many cells)
*Review the following key terms: Atom, Matter, Compound, Mixture, Element, Density, Earth’s Layers