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Unit 8-3 Notes The Age of Imperialism IMPERIALISM • European countries establish colonies around the world to provide raw materials for their industries 1. Which nations are industrialized? 2. What nation is being imperialized? 3. How is the nation that is being imperialized reacting? 4. Are the industrial nations cooperating or competing? China R u s s i a France Japan Great Britain China European Colonies in Africa during the 1860s European colonies in Africa in 1914 (World War I began in 1914.) I. Great Britain in the Age of Imperialism A. 1st Industrial Power becomes the 1st Imperial power B. Established colonies to provide raw materials for their industries II. The Scramble for Africa A. Interior of Africa was rich in Copper, Gold, and Diamonds B. 1884 Berlin Conference is held to decide how Europe would divide up Africa C. African leaders were not allowed to attend 1. Prior to the Berlin Conference, 1884 there were very few colonies in Africa 2. By 1914 there are only two independent countries in Africa: Liberia and Ethiopia 3. Europeans divided Africa with no consideration of ethnic divisions a. Leads to many conflicts between ethnic groups D. Egypt 1. The British valued Egypt for its strategic location 2. They built the Suez Canal in order to speed up trade with their most valuable colony, India III. Imperialism in Asia A. British India – The Raj 1. Britain gained India after the Seven Years War 2. Britain recruited Indians into their army – Sepoys a. In 1857 the Sepoys rebelled over a violation of religious customs b. Britain used this as an excuse to seize total control of India • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYeFcSq7Mx g&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1& safe=active B. China 1. The Qing Dynasty resisted European Imperialism 2. Britain began to smuggle Opium into China in an attempt to weaken China a. 1839 Britain and China fight the Opium War b. China lost and the country was divided into zones controlled by western imperialists 3. Europeans gave themselves extraterritorial rights in China – Open Door Policy a. The Boxer Rebellion in 1908 was China’s last attempt to kick out the Europeans b. It failed and the Boxers were beheaded by the Europeans C. Japan 1. Resisted European Imperialism by westernizing, industrializing, and building a large military 2. Japan established an imperialistic zone in China 3. Defeated Russia in the Russo Japanese War a. Gained control of Korea and Manchuria IV. The United States A. The United States Imperialized the Western Hemisphere B. They gained many territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific C. The most important was Panama 1. This allowed the U.S. to build the Panama canal V. Social Darwinism A. Scientific racism based on Darwin’s theory of evolution B. Europeans believed they were more evolved than people with dark skin C. Used this FALSE belief to justify imperialism 1. Believed they could civilize “uncivilized” people 2. The White Man’s Burden VI. The Age of Imperialism will lead directly to the start of WWI Motives for Imperialism • Economic • Exploratory • Political and Military • Social Darwinism • Religious