Download Imperialism 2014 - Thompsonsocialstudies8

Imperialism• The policy of extending
authority and control over
another territory or country.
• The Age of Imperialism lasted
from the 1850’s until
approximately 1910.
Causes of Modern Imperialism
• A. The Industrial Revolution-Wealth was increased in many
nations. In order to stay wealthy and powerful, those nations
needed supplies of raw materials. These wealthy nations also
needed new markets for their industrialized products.
• B. Militarism- Industrialized nations had to build up their armies
to protect their colonies from competitors as well as from the
colonists actually uprising. A policy of maintaining large military
forces in a high degree of readiness for action.
• C. Nationalism-created a sense that countries needed to acquire
colonies in order to show that the country is strong.
• D. Racism and religious views- Most European countries along
with the USA, felt that there were far more superior to East
Asian, and African countries. They also felt that they needed to
spread Christianity.
British Imperialism- Explain the quote,
“the sun never sets on the British flag”.
Scramble for Africa
• Berlin Conference- was created to divide Africa into
colonies. Many European nations agreed with this
because they feared war over the competition for
control over the continent.
How does this represent Imperialism?
Social Darwinism
Europeans were considered to be the fittest for survival and were
superior to others. Non-Europeans were not as advanced and it was up
to the Europeans to control them.
This was a major belief of Cecil Rhodes who was a British imperialist.
Cecil Rhodes was a famous British
imperialist
Cecil Rhodes was a famous British imperialist.
“We must find new lands from which we can easily obtain raw
materials and at the same time exploit the cheap slave labor
that is available from the natives of the colonies. The colonies
would also provide a dumping ground for the surplus goods
produced in our factories.”
• Great Britain held the largest portion of Africa
• Some holdings in West Africa & controlled
Eastern Africa from Egypt to Cape of Good Hope
• 1875 – British buy Suez Canal from Turkish ruler
• 7 yrs later British settle rebellion in Egypt and
rule country
Boer War
• Dutch settlers were know as the Boers. They had settled in
South Africa.
• When the British took over South Africa, the Boers were not
happy. When gold and diamonds were found in the area,
many people wanted to move in and get rich.
• The Boers revolted and the British fought against them.
• There was much destruction of Boer property. Some Boers
were put in concentration camps.
Use the reading on my wiki on the Scramble
for Africa to answer these questions.
1. What were the motivations of European
governments to colonize Africa?
2. What natural resources were exploited by
Europeans in Africa?
3. What technological advances allowed Europeans to
easily conquer Africa?
4. What were the after effects of the Boer War?
The British in India
• The British East India Company (BEIC) had control of India until
1857. The British crown took over because Indian soldiers
(Sepoy Munity) revolted. The BEIC ignored Indian culture and
tradition.
“Jewel in the Crown”
• Great Britain called India this because India had a vast
potential for being a huge market for British goods
and supplying Great Britain with the natural resources
that it needed.
The Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny
• In 1857, some sepoys refused to use the
cartridges supplied for their new rifles because
they were supposed greased with beef or pork
fat…and they had to be bitten off before
inserted into the rifle. Muslims cannot eat pork
and Hindus consider cattle sacred. Great Britain
took over India. Great Britain’s direct rule in
India is know as the British Raj.
Conditions were terrible for Indians during this time, population
increased but the food supply did not.
• Telegraphs, railroads, irrigation systems were built, but Indians
had no say in government and did not hold high level positions.
Imperialism in
China
Manchu (Ch’ing) Dynasty
• Isolation policy
• Not interested in Western technology = no modern weapons
• Valuable goods: tea, silk, and porcelain
• Westerners (Russia, Japan, USA, Britain, France & Germany)
pushed for trade
• Only allowed to live and work in Canton
Opium War (1839-42)
• Opium – drug produced in India
• British introduced to Chinese for profit => addiction
• 1839 – Chinese officials attempt to stop opium trade
• Destroyed chests of opium & imprison British traders
• British sent invasion fleet and defeat China
• The United States created an Open Door Policy in China to protect
American trading rights in China. This allowed merchants of all
nations to be able to trade in China.
Boxer Rebellion
• Chinese group called “Boxers” want to drive the “foreign
devils” out of their country
• These “Boxers,” supported by Empress Dowager, begin killing
Europeans & Americans
• 1900 – Boxers attacked embassies in Beijing
• International forces unite and crush Boxer Rebellion
Imperialism in Japan
1600 –1868 : Tokugawa shogunate
• isolation policy (1 trading port for Chinese &
Dutch)
• persecute Christians
1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry (U.S.) forces
shogun to open trade to Western world
1868 - 1912 : Meiji Restoration
• end of shoguns = emperor takes power
• new machinery, modern schools, and national
army & navy
Constitution (1889) create Diet (Parliament)
• nationalism – revive ancient Bushido code
Imperialism
1894 –1895 : war w/ China over Korea
victory = Taiwan & islands and controlled
Korea until 1945
1904 – 1905 : Russo-Japanese War
victory = portions of China
1914 – 1918 : World War 1
victory = German-held islands in Pacific
Ocean
1941-1945 : World War 2
defeat = loss of empire
Compare and Contrast:
With your group, discuss the following questions based on
your readings/homework. Cite specific examples in your
discussion!
With your group in your notebooks, use a
Venn diagram to compare and contrast Japan
and China’s different reactions to dealing
with European countries.
Additionally, list examples of nationalism and
imperialism for China. Make a separate list
of examples of imperialism and nationalism
for Japan