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Intel-Assess CST Mirrors Physics: CST Mirror Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Physics: CST Mirror Directions: Answer all questions on the answer sheet provided. When you are finished with a page, go on to the next page. Read questions 1 through 60 and select the best answer. 1 2 3 An airplane travels 2000 kilometers in 4 hours. What is the average speed of the plane over the entire trip? A. 4000 kilometers per hour B. 8000 kilometers per hour C. 500 kilometers per hour D. 250 kilometers per hour 4 Emanuel drove a distance of 1200 kilometers. His average speed for half of the distance was 80 km/h. His average speed for the other half of the distance was 40 km/h. How long did it take him to complete his trip? The box has the constant velocity shown while being acted on by the rightward force. What is the magnitude of the leftward force acting on the box? A. 80 N B. 0N A. 10 hours C. 160 N B. 45 hours D. 20 N C. 20 hours D. 22.5 hours 5 A car accelerates at a constant rate of 3 m/s2 for 5 seconds. If it reaches a velocity of 27 m/s, what was its initial velocity? A car is driving north at 25 m/s. It slows to 10 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the car? A. 12 m/s A. –75 m/s2 B. 2.1 m/s B. 0 m/s2 C. 42 m/s C. –3 m/s2 D. 15 m/s D. –15 m/s2 —1— Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 6 7 8 A train is at rest in a station. It then accelerates for 60 seconds at a rate of 0.1 m/s2. Finally, it travels at a constant speed for 30 seconds. How far does it travel in this 90-second period? A. 540 meters B. 270 meters C. 405 meters D. 360 meters Theresa loads a slingshot with a rock. She lets the band on the slingshot go, as shown in the picture. A boy is leaning into a wall with a horizontal force of 15 N. Which of the following best describes the vector force the wall is applying to the boy? A. –7.5 N B. 0N C. –15 N D. 15 N During the time that the band is in contact with the rock, which of the following BEST DESCRIBES the forces involved? A. The force of the sling pushing on the rock is greater than the force of the rock pushing on the sling throughout the contact between them. B. The force of the sling on the rock is greatest at the start and becomes less, until it becomes a zero force when the rock leaves the sling. C. While the sling is in contact with the rock, there is only the force of the sling on the rock. The rock responds by moving forward. D. The force of the sling pushing on the rock and the force of the rock pushing back on the sling are equally matched. —2— Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 9 10 Jamie picks up a 5 kg bowling ball with an initial velocity of 1.0 m/s. The ball slips and falls towards the ground. What is the force of gravity on the ball? A. 49 Newtons B. 2.0 Newtons C. 2.5 Newtons D. 0.51 Newtons 20 N B. 196 kg C. 20 kg D. 196 N A toy train goes into a curve on tracks, as shown below. What happens to the train in terms of speed and forces? What is the weight of a 20 kg object on Earth? A. 11 A. The train undergoes an increase in speed as it proceeds through the curve, while the track exerts a force on the train’s wheels toward the center of the track’s curvature. B. The train maintains a constant speed around the curve as the track exerts a force on the train’s wheels toward the center of the track’s curvature. C. The train undergoes a decrease in speed as it proceeds through the curve, while the track exerts an outward force on the train’s wheels, away from the center of the track’s curvature. D. The train maintains a constant speed around the curve as the track exerts an outward force on the train’s wheels, away from the center of the track’s curvature. —3— Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 12 13 What force is needed to make a 1000 kg car turn a 100 m diameter circle at 30 m/sec? A. 18,000 N B. 600 N C. 300 N D. 9,000 N 14 Which of the following diagrams shows the object that has the most kinetic energy? A. If a human and a cat both run with the same kinetic energy, is it possible to determine which is running FASTER? B. C. A. Yes. They both have the same velocity since their kinetic energy is the same. B. Yes. The human is running faster since the human has a greater mass. C. Yes. The cat is running faster, since it has less mass. D. No. There is no mass or velocity data to use to determine the kinetic energies of either the cat or the human. D. —4— Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 15 A girl picks up a rock that is on the ground and holds it at her waist. How did the energy of the rock change? A. potential energy decreased B. kinetic energy increased C. potential energy increased D. kinetic energy decreased 16 A person is carrying a basket of laundry with a mass of 3 kilograms up a flight of stairs. What has happened to the gravitational potential energy of the basket by the time the person has reached the top of the staircase? A. It becomes 6 times greater because the staircase has a horizontal displacement of 6 meters. B. It becomes 1.5 times greater because it is half the amount of the vertical displacement. C. It becomes 3 times greater because the staircase has a vertical height of 3 meters. D. It remains constant because the person is holding the laundry basket at the same 1 meter height. —5— Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 17 18 During construction, a roofing tile falls from a work platform that is 20 meters high. The initial gravitational potential energy (GPE) of the tile is 100 joules. What is the GPE of the tile when it has fallen 4 meters ? A. 20 J B. 50 J C. 80 J D. 75 J 19 A car has a mass of 1000 kg and is traveling at a velocity of 10.0 m/s. A student multiplied these two amounts to obtain 10,000 kg·m/s. This calculation is an example of how to determine A. the mass versus speed dynamic of an objecct. B. the potential energy of an object. C. the kinetic energy of a moving object. D. the momentum of an object. A ball is released from a window that is 20.0 m above the ground. Which of the following statements applies when the ball is 10.0 m above the ground? A. The kinetic energy and the potential energy of the ball are both zero. B. The kinetic energy of the ball is the same as the potential energy of the ball. C. The kinetic energy of the ball is less than the potential energy of the ball. D. The kinetic energy of the ball is greater than the potential energy of the ball. —6— Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 20 An astronaut is facing a large component of a space station. Both the astronaut and the component are floating freely in space. The astronaut needs to move the component to another part of the station, so the astronaut pushes on the component. 21 22 Which of the following statements BEST describes what happens to the momenta of both the component and the astronaut? A. The momentum of the component changes more since its mass is greater than that of the astronaut. B. The momentum of the astronaut increases in the opposite direction as that of the component, so the overall momentum decreases. C. The momentum of the astronaut changes more than the momentum of the component, resulting in the astronaut moving faster. D. The momentum of the astronaut changes and so does the momentum of the component, but the sum of their momenta is the same as before the push. A leaf is blowing in the wind at a constant velocity. A sudden gust of wind causes the velocity of the leaf to increase by a factor of 3. By what factor does the momentum of the leaf increase as a result of the unbalanced force of the wind? A. 6 B. 3 C. 9 D. 1.5 A person holds a 0.2 kg volleyball, then applies a net horizontal force of 9 N for 0.5 seconds on the ball. What is the horizontal velocity of the volleyball after the force is applied? A. 0.9 m/s B. 22.5 m/s C. 4.5 m/s D. 45 m/s —7— Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 23 An 80.0-kg ice skater is skating at 4.0 m/s in a forward direction toward a second skater. She grabs the second skater, who has a mass of 70.0 kg, from behind, and they end up traveling together in the direction the first skater was originally skating. What is their combined velocity after the collision? 24 25 A. B. Their combined velocity is 3.5 m/s in the direction the first skater was traveling. Their combined velocity is 2.1 m/s in the direction the first skater was traveling. C. Their combined velocity is 4.0 m/s in the direction the first skater was traveling. D. Their combined velocity is 4.6 m/s in the direction the first skater was traveling. A 10.0-g wad of clay traveling horizontally at 2.0 m/s strikes into a 10.0-g air puck that is floating frictionlessly on an air table. They stick together and move away at what velocity? A. 0.0 m/s B. 1.0 m/s C. 2.0 m/s D. 4.0 m/s The temperature of water is measured at the top of a waterfall and at the bottom. What is the MOST LIKELY result of the measurements? A. There would be no difference in temperature. B. The temperature change depends on the air temperature. C. The temperature at the bottom would be higher. D. The temperature at the bottom would be lower. —8— Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 26 During an experiment, 80,000 joules(J) of heat is transferred to a 10-kg iron rod. The specific heat of 28 A. 17.8 °C A gasoline engine, such as in an automobile, is considered to be a heat engine. Its operation involves hot gases (QH), cooler gases (QL), and work (W) done on the engine pistons. Which of the following diagrams BEST illustrates the relationship between QH, W, and QL? B. 17,800 °C A. C. 3.59 °C D. 3,590 °C J iron is 0.449 g·K . How much does the temperature of the rod increase during the experiment? 27 A heat engine is supplied with 9,000 J of heat energy. 4,500 J of heat energy flows out of the engine. Why can no more than 4,500 J of work have been done by the engine? A. Energy released as heat is destroyed. B. Work is always less than half the input energy. C. Output in all energy forms must be equal. D. B. C. Energy must be conserved. D. —9— Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 29 A balloon contains one liter of air. The internal energy of the air in the balloon is raised. Which of the following BEST describes the results? A. 30 The temperature of the air in the balloon increases, but the differences in masses between the different gases (e.g., CO2, O2, N2) result in the pressure remaining the same. A large bathtub of water has a temperature of 320 K. A small cup of water has a temperature of 370 K. Which one contains MORE internal energy, and why? A. The tub of water has more internal energy because it contains more than fifty times as many molecules as the cup. B. The balloon expands and the final temperature is less than the initial temperature. B. The tub of water has more internal energy because it has a lower temperature. C. The molecules of the air in the balloon travel faster, and the balloon expands due to an initial increase in pressure. C. The cup of water has more internal energy because it has a higher temperature. D. D. The oxygen atoms found in the air in the balloon end up with more kinetic energy than the nitrogen atoms, because the oxygen atoms have more mass. The cup of water has more internal energy because it contains less than one fiftieth of the molecules of the tub. — 10 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 31 32 A helium balloon is popped in the middle of an airtight room. Which of the following is the best explanation for what controls the movement of the helium molecules after the balloon is popped? 33 Liquid water in an ice tray turns into solid ice in a freezer. Which statement about the changes in the entropy of the water in the tray and the environment outside the freezer is correct? A. The atoms move in the direction that is opposite that of most other molecules so that they can evenly distribute themselves. A. The entropy of the water in the tray increases and the entropy of the environment outside the freezer decreases. B. The atoms will form a pattern with other gases in the air such that the ratio of helium to any other gas is about the same at all points. B. The entropy of the water in the tray decreases and the entropy of the environment outside the freezer increases. C. The atoms move randomly and, over time, they most likely will spread evenly throughout the room. C. D. The atoms will float on top of the heavier gases but stay below the lighter gases in the room. The entropy of the water in the tray increases and the entropy of the environment outside the freezer increases. D. The entropy of the water in the tray decreases and the entropy of the environment outside the freezer decreases. A long metal bar is heated at one end for five minutes, and then the heating is stopped. What happens to the temperature of the bar? A. 34 When the heating is stopped, the heat from the heated end moves until the other end reaches a higher temperature. B. The temperatures of both ends of the bar rise at the same rate and then fall at the same rate. C. The heated end initially reaches a higher temperature than the opposite end, and then the temperature of the bar equalizes. D. The temperature of the heated end rises and falls without affecting the unheated end. Which of the following describes a characteristic of ALL waves? A. All waves carry matter from one place to another. B. All waves can travel through a vacuum. C. All waves make particles move back and forth. D. All waves move energy from one place to another. — 11 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 35 A rock is thrown into a pond of water, as shown in the diagram. 37 Which of the following BEST describes what is moving outward in the water waves? 36 A. The water molecules are traveling outward away from the rock's splash. B. Air is forced against the water surface, creating an air-to-water surface shock wave. C. Energy from the rock is being transferred from water molecule to water molecule. D. Air trapped by the splashing rock is forced outward through the water. 38 Which of the following is a purely transverse wave? Imagine you are in a house during an earthquake. At first you feel the floor rumble and see objects on the walls and tabletops vibrate back and forth. A short while later, you feel another type of quake, but this one feels like a water wave coming through. Which of the following statements identifies the two types of waves correctly? A. Both quakes are forms of transverse waves, but feel different because of the time delay. B. The first quake is a longitudinal wave, and the second quake is a transverse wave. C. The first quake is a transverse wave, and the second quake is a longitudinal wave. D. Both quakes are forms of longitudinal waves, but feel different because of the time delay. At a particular air temperature, the speed of sound is 300 m/s. Which of the following wavelengths of a sound wave has the GREATEST frequency? A. 0.04 meters A. an electromagnetic wave B. 0.004 meters B. a p-type earthquake wave C. 0.4 meters C. a sound wave D. 4 meters D. an ocean surface wave — 12 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 39 41 Study the data in the table. Which of the waves has the longest wavelength? 40 A. wave D B. wave B C. wave A D. wave C What type of wave is shown below? A. a sound wave B. a composite wave C. a light wave D. a longitudinal wave In which of the following media does sound travel most quickly, if all media are at the same temperature? A. liquid water B. the vacuum of outer space C. gaseous air D. solid metal — 13 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 42 Which of the following diagrams illustrates diffraction of a wave pattern? 43 A. B. C. Sound recording engineers often use multiple microphones to record a single music performance. Careless microphone placement can lead to the appearance of artificial “beats” in the recording, as the recorded sound-wave amplitude rises and falls. This rising and falling results from the interaction of waves from each microphone as the waves are mixed together onto the recording track. Which type of wave interaction does poor microphone placement cause? A. diffraction B. interference C. refraction D. polarization D. — 14 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 44 Which diagram correctly identifies the direction in which the current is flowing? 45 A. What is the magnitude of the current flowing through this circuit? B. A. 1A B. 6A C. 7A D. 0.6 A C. 46 Study the circuit below. What is the resistance of the light bulb if the current is measured as 4.00 Amps, and the voltage is 9.00 V? D. A. 0.444 Ω B. 2.25 Ω C. 36 Ω D. 13 Ω — 15 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 47 A student is told to add a resistor in series to this circuit to produce a circuit current of 0.5 amperes. 49 Which of the following symbols represents a transistor in a circuit? A. B. C. What should the resistance of the student’s added resistor be? A. 6 ohms B. 1.5 ohms C. 4 ohms D. 9 ohms D. 50 48 When a positive charge is at a fixed distance from a negative charge, the electrostatic force between them is represented by Coulomb's law. F=k The power dissipated by the resistor can be cut in half by changing A. the voltage to 48 V. B. the voltage to 12 V. C. the resistance to 1.5Ω. D. the resistance to 6Ω. q1q2 r2 If the negative and positive charges double and the distance between the charges doubles, what is the electrostatic force between them? A. 2F B. F 2 C. 8F D. F — 16 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 51 Which of the following best explains why a bar magnet creates a magnetic field? A. 52 Electrons in the magnet are aligned in the way they move. Which diagram shows how to use your hand to determine the direction of a magnetic field around a straight wire? A. B. The magnet is made of types of metal that are magnetic. C. The magnet has a different type of metal at each end. D. The numbers of protons and electrons in the magnet are different. B. C. D. — 17 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 53 54 A student wants to design a detector that can be waved over an object to determine whether the object is magnetic. Which apparatus best fulfills the student’s goal? A. an ammeter connected to a loop of wire B. a sealed mixture of water and hydrogen peroxide C. a lit candle on a ceramic plate D. a low-wattage incandescent light bulb with a broken filament 55 How can a plasma, found to a small extent in a fluorescent light bulb, conduct electricity? Two students measured the current flow of one circuit and recorded the data in the table below. The students could not change any components of the circuit other than the battery. Which of the following is an UNAVOIDABLE error that may have caused the inconsistency in the data? A. a change in the temperature of the resistor The electrons are able to jump from positive ion to positive ion in the plasma, and thereby carry the electrical current from one end of the bulb to the other. B. the loss of stored energy in the battery C. changes in the balance of electrically charged particles in the atmosphere B. The free electrons in the plasma move to the positive end of the light bulb and the positive ions move to the negative end, carrying the electrical current. D. a difference in the diameter of the circuit's conductive wires C. A plasma is like a gas, which is free to flow, and so an electrical current can flow with the gas from one side of the bulb to the other. D. A plasma is metallic-like, so an electrical current can flow through the plasma from one side of the bulb to the other. A. — 18 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 56 A student tested the acceleration of blocks of different masses pushed over a level surface by a 10-Newton force. The results appear in the table below. 57 These results are inconsistent with Newton's laws because the student's experimental system included which of the following? A. friction B. weight C. time D. gravity Students constructed a simple pendulum, like the one shown here. As an experiment, the students increased the mass of the bob hanging on the pendulum to see if the period of the pendulum changed. After trying three different masses, they found that the period of the pendulum did not change. Which conclusion can be drawn from only the information from this experiment? A. The period of a pendulum depends on how far the pendulum is pulled back. B. Something other than the mass of the pendulum bob affects the period of the pendulum. C. The period of a pendulum depends on the length of the pendulum. D. All pendulums have the same period. — 19 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc. Go On Physics: CST Mirror 58 In an experiment, students determine the weight of a block and then place it on an inclined plane, as shown in the diagram. The block is sitting motionless. The weight of the block is 25 N. The angle of the incline is 30°. 60 A scientific theory is generally accepted by the scientific community A. after many experiments consistently support it. B. if the scientist who discovered it is well known. C. unless a scientist proposes a contradictory hypothesis. D. as long as nobody has shown it is wrong. What is the approximate magnitude of the normal force (FN) that the block is exerting into the surface of the incline? 59 A. 29 Newtons B. 13 Newtons C. 50 Newtons D. 22 Newtons Loretta is on a bridge that is 50 meters above the water. She says, "If I drop a rock from here, I believe it will hit the water in 3.2 seconds." This statement is an example of which of the following? A. a hypothesis B. a theory C. an observation D. a conclusion — 20 — Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc.