Download Intel-Assess CST Mirrors Physics: CST Mirror

Intel-Assess CST Mirrors
Physics: CST Mirror
Copyright © 2011 Intel-Assess, Inc.
Physics: CST Mirror
Directions: Answer all questions on the answer sheet provided. When you are finished with a page,
go on to the next page.
Read questions 1 through 60 and select the best answer.
1
2
3
An airplane travels 2000 kilometers
in 4 hours. What is the average
speed of the plane over the entire
trip?
A.
4000 kilometers per hour
B.
8000 kilometers per hour
C.
500 kilometers per hour
D.
250 kilometers per hour
4
Emanuel drove a distance of 1200
kilometers. His average speed for
half of the distance was 80 km/h. His
average speed for the other half of
the distance was 40 km/h. How long
did it take him to complete his trip?
The box has the constant velocity
shown while being acted on by the
rightward force.
What is the magnitude of the
leftward force acting on the box?
A.
80 N
B.
0N
A.
10 hours
C.
160 N
B.
45 hours
D.
20 N
C.
20 hours
D.
22.5 hours
5
A car accelerates at a constant rate
of 3 m/s2 for 5 seconds. If it reaches
a velocity of 27 m/s, what was its
initial velocity?
A car is driving north at 25 m/s. It
slows to 10 m/s in 5 seconds. What is
the acceleration of the car?
A.
12 m/s
A.
–75 m/s2
B.
2.1 m/s
B.
0 m/s2
C.
42 m/s
C.
–3 m/s2
D.
15 m/s
D.
–15 m/s2
—1—
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6
7
8
A train is at rest in a station. It then
accelerates for 60 seconds at a rate
of 0.1 m/s2. Finally, it travels at a
constant speed for 30 seconds. How
far does it travel in this 90-second
period?
A.
540 meters
B.
270 meters
C.
405 meters
D.
360 meters
Theresa loads a slingshot with a rock.
She lets the band on the slingshot
go, as shown in the picture.
A boy is leaning into a wall with a
horizontal force of 15 N. Which of the
following best describes the vector
force the wall is applying to the boy?
A.
–7.5 N
B.
0N
C.
–15 N
D.
15 N
During the time that the band is in
contact with the rock, which of the
following BEST DESCRIBES the forces
involved?
A.
The force of the sling pushing on the
rock is greater than the force of the
rock pushing on the sling throughout
the contact between them.
B.
The force of the sling on the rock is
greatest at the start and becomes
less, until it becomes a zero force
when the rock leaves the sling.
C.
While the sling is in contact with the
rock, there is only the force of the
sling on the rock. The rock responds
by moving forward.
D.
The force of the sling pushing on the
rock and the force of the rock
pushing back on the sling are equally
matched.
—2—
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9
10
Jamie picks up a 5 kg bowling ball
with an initial velocity of 1.0 m/s. The
ball slips and falls towards the
ground. What is the force of gravity
on the ball?
A.
49 Newtons
B.
2.0 Newtons
C.
2.5 Newtons
D.
0.51 Newtons
20 N
B.
196 kg
C.
20 kg
D.
196 N
A toy train goes into a curve on
tracks, as shown below.
What happens to the train in terms of
speed and forces?
What is the weight of a 20 kg object
on Earth?
A.
11
A.
The train undergoes an increase in
speed as it proceeds through the
curve, while the track exerts a force
on the train’s wheels toward the
center of the track’s curvature.
B.
The train maintains a constant speed
around the curve as the track exerts
a force on the train’s wheels toward
the center of the track’s curvature.
C.
The train undergoes a decrease in
speed as it proceeds through the
curve, while the track exerts an
outward force on the train’s wheels,
away from the center of the track’s
curvature.
D.
The train maintains a constant speed
around the curve as the track exerts
an outward force on the train’s
wheels, away from the center of the
track’s curvature.
—3—
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12
13
What force is needed to make a 1000
kg car turn a 100 m diameter circle at
30 m/sec?
A.
18,000 N
B.
600 N
C.
300 N
D.
9,000 N
14
Which of the following diagrams
shows the object that has the most
kinetic energy?
A.
If a human and a cat both run with
the same kinetic energy, is it
possible to determine which is
running FASTER?
B.
C.
A.
Yes. They both have the same
velocity since their kinetic energy is
the same.
B.
Yes. The human is running faster
since the human has a greater mass.
C.
Yes. The cat is running faster, since it
has less mass.
D.
No. There is no mass or velocity data
to use to determine the kinetic
energies of either the cat or the
human.
D.
—4—
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15
A girl picks up a rock that is on the
ground and holds it at her waist. How
did the energy of the rock change?
A.
potential energy decreased
B.
kinetic energy increased
C.
potential energy increased
D.
kinetic energy decreased
16
A person is carrying a basket of
laundry with a mass of 3 kilograms
up a flight of stairs.
What has happened to the
gravitational potential energy of the
basket by the time the person has
reached the top of the staircase?
A.
It becomes 6 times greater because
the staircase has a horizontal
displacement of 6 meters.
B.
It becomes 1.5 times greater because
it is half the amount of the vertical
displacement.
C.
It becomes 3 times greater because
the staircase has a vertical height of
3 meters.
D.
It remains constant because the
person is holding the laundry basket
at the same 1 meter height.
—5—
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17
18
During construction, a roofing tile
falls from a work platform that is 20
meters high. The initial gravitational
potential energy (GPE) of the tile is
100 joules. What is the GPE of the
tile when it has fallen 4 meters ?
A.
20 J
B.
50 J
C.
80 J
D.
75 J
19
A car has a mass of 1000 kg and is
traveling at a velocity of 10.0 m/s. A
student multiplied these two
amounts to obtain 10,000 kg·m/s.
This calculation is an example of how
to determine
A.
the mass versus speed dynamic of an
objecct.
B.
the potential energy of an object.
C.
the kinetic energy of a moving object.
D.
the momentum of an object.
A ball is released from a window that
is 20.0 m above the ground. Which of
the following statements applies
when the ball is 10.0 m above the
ground?
A.
The kinetic energy and the potential
energy of the ball are both zero.
B.
The kinetic energy of the ball is the
same as the potential energy of the
ball.
C.
The kinetic energy of the ball is less
than the potential energy of the ball.
D.
The kinetic energy of the ball is
greater than the potential energy of
the ball.
—6—
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20
An astronaut is facing a large
component of a space station. Both
the astronaut and the component are
floating freely in space. The
astronaut needs to move the
component to another part of the
station, so the astronaut pushes on
the component.
21
22
Which of the following statements
BEST describes what happens to the
momenta of both the component and
the astronaut?
A.
The momentum of the component
changes more since its mass is
greater than that of the astronaut.
B.
The momentum of the astronaut
increases in the opposite direction as
that of the component, so the overall
momentum decreases.
C.
The momentum of the astronaut
changes more than the momentum of
the component, resulting in the
astronaut moving faster.
D.
The momentum of the astronaut
changes and so does the momentum
of the component, but the sum of
their momenta is the same as before
the push.
A leaf is blowing in the wind at a
constant velocity. A sudden gust of
wind causes the velocity of the leaf
to increase by a factor of 3. By what
factor does the momentum of the
leaf increase as a result of the
unbalanced force of the wind?
A.
6
B.
3
C.
9
D.
1.5
A person holds a 0.2 kg volleyball,
then applies a net horizontal force of
9 N for 0.5 seconds on the ball. What
is the horizontal velocity of the
volleyball after the force is applied?
A.
0.9 m/s
B.
22.5 m/s
C.
4.5 m/s
D.
45 m/s
—7—
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23
An 80.0-kg ice skater is skating at
4.0 m/s in a forward direction toward
a second skater. She grabs the
second skater, who has a mass of
70.0 kg, from behind, and they end
up traveling together in the direction
the first skater was originally
skating. What is their combined
velocity after the collision?
24
25
A.
B.
Their combined velocity is 3.5 m/s in
the direction the first skater was
traveling.
Their combined velocity is 2.1 m/s in
the direction the first skater was
traveling.
C.
Their combined velocity is 4.0 m/s in
the direction the first skater was
traveling.
D.
Their combined velocity is 4.6 m/s in
the direction the first skater was
traveling.
A 10.0-g wad of clay traveling
horizontally at 2.0 m/s strikes into a
10.0-g air puck that is floating
frictionlessly on an air table. They
stick together and move away at
what velocity?
A.
0.0 m/s
B.
1.0 m/s
C.
2.0 m/s
D.
4.0 m/s
The temperature of water is
measured at the top of a waterfall
and at the bottom. What is the MOST
LIKELY result of the measurements?
A.
There would be no difference in
temperature.
B.
The temperature change depends on
the air temperature.
C.
The temperature at the bottom would
be higher.
D.
The temperature at the bottom would
be lower.
—8—
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26
During an experiment, 80,000
joules(J) of heat is transferred to a
10-kg iron rod. The specific heat of
28
A.
17.8 °C
A gasoline engine, such as in an
automobile, is considered to be a
heat engine. Its operation involves
hot gases (QH), cooler gases (QL),
and work (W) done on the engine
pistons. Which of the following
diagrams BEST illustrates the
relationship between QH, W, and QL?
B.
17,800 °C
A.
C.
3.59 °C
D.
3,590 °C
J
iron is 0.449 g·K . How much does the
temperature of the rod increase
during the experiment?
27
A heat engine is supplied with 9,000 J
of heat energy. 4,500 J of heat
energy flows out of the engine. Why
can no more than 4,500 J of work
have been done by the engine?
A.
Energy released as heat is destroyed.
B.
Work is always less than half the
input energy.
C.
Output in all energy forms must be
equal.
D.
B.
C.
Energy must be conserved.
D.
—9—
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29
A balloon contains one liter of air.
The internal energy of the air in the
balloon is raised. Which of the
following BEST describes the results?
A.
30
The temperature of the air in the
balloon increases, but the differences
in masses between the different
gases (e.g., CO2, O2, N2) result in the
pressure remaining the same.
A large bathtub of water has a
temperature of 320 K. A small cup of
water has a temperature of 370 K.
Which one contains MORE internal
energy, and why?
A.
The tub of water has more internal
energy because it contains more than
fifty times as many molecules as the
cup.
B.
The balloon expands and the final
temperature is less than the initial
temperature.
B.
The tub of water has more internal
energy because it has a lower
temperature.
C.
The molecules of the air in the
balloon travel faster, and the balloon
expands due to an initial increase in
pressure.
C.
The cup of water has more internal
energy because it has a higher
temperature.
D.
D.
The oxygen atoms found in the air in
the balloon end up with more kinetic
energy than the nitrogen atoms,
because the oxygen atoms have
more mass.
The cup of water has more internal
energy because it contains less than
one fiftieth of the molecules of the
tub.
— 10 —
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31
32
A helium balloon is popped in the
middle of an airtight room. Which of
the following is the best explanation
for what controls the movement of
the helium molecules after the
balloon is popped?
33
Liquid water in an ice tray turns into
solid ice in a freezer. Which
statement about the changes in the
entropy of the water in the tray and
the environment outside the freezer
is correct?
A.
The atoms move in the direction that
is opposite that of most other
molecules so that they can evenly
distribute themselves.
A.
The entropy of the water in the tray
increases and the entropy of the
environment outside the freezer
decreases.
B.
The atoms will form a pattern with
other gases in the air such that the
ratio of helium to any other gas is
about the same at all points.
B.
The entropy of the water in the tray
decreases and the entropy of the
environment outside the freezer
increases.
C.
The atoms move randomly and, over
time, they most likely will spread
evenly throughout the room.
C.
D.
The atoms will float on top of the
heavier gases but stay below the
lighter gases in the room.
The entropy of the water in the tray
increases and the entropy of the
environment outside the freezer
increases.
D.
The entropy of the water in the tray
decreases and the entropy of the
environment outside the freezer
decreases.
A long metal bar is heated at one end
for five minutes, and then the
heating is stopped. What happens to
the temperature of the bar?
A.
34
When the heating is stopped, the
heat from the heated end moves until
the other end reaches a higher
temperature.
B.
The temperatures of both ends of the
bar rise at the same rate and then fall
at the same rate.
C.
The heated end initially reaches a
higher temperature than the opposite
end, and then the temperature of the
bar equalizes.
D.
The temperature of the heated end
rises and falls without affecting the
unheated end.
Which of the following describes a
characteristic of ALL waves?
A.
All waves carry matter from one
place to another.
B.
All waves can travel through a
vacuum.
C.
All waves make particles move back
and forth.
D.
All waves move energy from one
place to another.
— 11 —
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35
A rock is thrown into a pond of water,
as shown in the diagram.
37
Which of the following BEST
describes what is moving outward in
the water waves?
36
A.
The water molecules are traveling
outward away from the rock's splash.
B.
Air is forced against the water
surface, creating an air-to-water
surface shock wave.
C.
Energy from the rock is being
transferred from water molecule to
water molecule.
D.
Air trapped by the splashing rock is
forced outward through the water.
38
Which of the following is a purely
transverse wave?
Imagine you are in a house during an
earthquake. At first you feel the floor
rumble and see objects on the walls
and tabletops vibrate back and forth.
A short while later, you feel another
type of quake, but this one feels like
a water wave coming through. Which
of the following statements identifies
the two types of waves correctly?
A.
Both quakes are forms of transverse
waves, but feel different because of
the time delay.
B.
The first quake is a longitudinal wave,
and the second quake is a transverse
wave.
C.
The first quake is a transverse wave,
and the second quake is a
longitudinal wave.
D.
Both quakes are forms of longitudinal
waves, but feel different because of
the time delay.
At a particular air temperature, the
speed of sound is 300 m/s. Which of
the following wavelengths of a sound
wave has the GREATEST frequency?
A.
0.04 meters
A.
an electromagnetic wave
B.
0.004 meters
B.
a p-type earthquake wave
C.
0.4 meters
C.
a sound wave
D.
4 meters
D.
an ocean surface wave
— 12 —
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39
41
Study the data in the table.
Which of the waves has the longest
wavelength?
40
A.
wave D
B.
wave B
C.
wave A
D.
wave C
What type of wave is shown below?
A.
a sound wave
B.
a composite wave
C.
a light wave
D.
a longitudinal wave
In which of the following media does
sound travel most quickly, if all
media are at the same temperature?
A.
liquid water
B.
the vacuum of outer space
C.
gaseous air
D.
solid metal
— 13 —
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42
Which of the following diagrams
illustrates diffraction of a wave
pattern?
43
A.
B.
C.
Sound recording engineers often use
multiple microphones to record a
single music performance. Careless
microphone placement can lead to
the appearance of artificial “beats”
in the recording, as the recorded
sound-wave amplitude rises and
falls. This rising and falling results
from the interaction of waves from
each microphone as the waves are
mixed together onto the recording
track. Which type of wave interaction
does poor microphone placement
cause?
A.
diffraction
B.
interference
C.
refraction
D.
polarization
D.
— 14 —
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44
Which diagram correctly identifies
the direction in which the current is
flowing?
45
A.
What is the magnitude of the current
flowing through this circuit?
B.
A.
1A
B.
6A
C.
7A
D.
0.6 A
C.
46
Study the circuit below. What is the
resistance of the light bulb if the
current is measured as 4.00 Amps,
and the voltage is 9.00 V?
D.
A.
0.444 Ω
B.
2.25 Ω
C.
36 Ω
D.
13 Ω
— 15 —
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47
A student is told to add a resistor in
series to this circuit to produce a
circuit current of 0.5 amperes.
49
Which of the following symbols
represents a transistor in a circuit?
A.
B.
C.
What should the resistance of the
student’s added resistor be?
A.
6 ohms
B.
1.5 ohms
C.
4 ohms
D.
9 ohms
D.
50
48
When a positive charge is at a fixed
distance from a negative charge, the
electrostatic force between them is
represented by Coulomb's law.
F=k
The power dissipated by the resistor
can be cut in half by changing
A.
the voltage to 48 V.
B.
the voltage to 12 V.
C.
the resistance to 1.5Ω.
D.
the resistance to 6Ω.
q1q2
r2
If the negative and positive charges
double and the distance between the
charges doubles, what is the
electrostatic force between them?
A.
2F
B.
F
2
C.
8F
D.
F
— 16 —
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51
Which of the following best explains
why a bar magnet creates a magnetic
field?
A.
52
Electrons in the magnet are aligned
in the way they move.
Which diagram shows how to use
your hand to determine the direction
of a magnetic field around a straight
wire?
A.
B.
The magnet is made of types of
metal that are magnetic.
C.
The magnet has a different type of
metal at each end.
D.
The numbers of protons and
electrons in the magnet are different.
B.
C.
D.
— 17 —
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53
54
A student wants to design a detector
that can be waved over an object to
determine whether the object is
magnetic. Which apparatus best
fulfills the student’s goal?
A.
an ammeter connected to a loop of
wire
B.
a sealed mixture of water and
hydrogen peroxide
C.
a lit candle on a ceramic plate
D.
a low-wattage incandescent light bulb
with a broken filament
55
How can a plasma, found to a small
extent in a fluorescent light bulb,
conduct electricity?
Two students measured the current
flow of one circuit and recorded the
data in the table below. The students
could not change any components of
the circuit other than the battery.
Which of the following is an
UNAVOIDABLE error that may have
caused the inconsistency in the data?
A.
a change in the temperature of the
resistor
The electrons are able to jump from
positive ion to positive ion in the
plasma, and thereby carry the
electrical current from one end of the
bulb to the other.
B.
the loss of stored energy in the
battery
C.
changes in the balance of electrically
charged particles in the atmosphere
B.
The free electrons in the plasma
move to the positive end of the light
bulb and the positive ions move to
the negative end, carrying the
electrical current.
D.
a difference in the diameter of the
circuit's conductive wires
C.
A plasma is like a gas, which is free
to flow, and so an electrical current
can flow with the gas from one side
of the bulb to the other.
D.
A plasma is metallic-like, so an
electrical current can flow through
the plasma from one side of the bulb
to the other.
A.
— 18 —
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56
A student tested the acceleration of
blocks of different masses pushed
over a level surface by a 10-Newton
force. The results appear in the table
below.
57
These results are inconsistent with
Newton's laws because the student's
experimental system included which
of the following?
A.
friction
B.
weight
C.
time
D.
gravity
Students constructed a simple
pendulum, like the one shown here.
As an experiment, the students
increased the mass of the bob
hanging on the pendulum to see if
the period of the pendulum changed.
After trying three different masses,
they found that the period of the
pendulum did not change. Which
conclusion can be drawn from only
the information from this
experiment?
A.
The period of a pendulum depends on
how far the pendulum is pulled back.
B.
Something other than the mass of
the pendulum bob affects the period
of the pendulum.
C.
The period of a pendulum depends on
the length of the pendulum.
D.
All pendulums have the same period.
— 19 —
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58
In an experiment, students
determine the weight of a block and
then place it on an inclined plane, as
shown in the diagram. The block is
sitting motionless. The weight of the
block is 25 N. The angle of the incline
is 30°.
60
A scientific theory is generally
accepted by the scientific community
A.
after many experiments consistently
support it.
B.
if the scientist who discovered it is
well known.
C.
unless a scientist proposes a
contradictory hypothesis.
D.
as long as nobody has shown it is
wrong.
What is the approximate magnitude
of the normal force (FN) that the
block is exerting into the surface of
the incline?
59
A.
29 Newtons
B.
13 Newtons
C.
50 Newtons
D.
22 Newtons
Loretta is on a bridge that is 50
meters above the water. She says, "If
I drop a rock from here, I believe it
will hit the water in 3.2 seconds."
This statement is an example of
which of the following?
A.
a hypothesis
B.
a theory
C.
an observation
D.
a conclusion
— 20 —
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