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Adolf Hitler’s Rise to Power Totalitarianism Hitler Fascism ◻ ◻ “Nothing above the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.” Nazism is Fascism, only with an Anti-Semitic twist Anti-Semitism Anti-Semitic, or Anti-Semitism: – suspicion of, hatred toward, or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic or racial group Germany in the 1920’s • High unemployment rate & Hyper-Inflation • 1918 Germany was a republic known as Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic The government just after Wilhelm abdicated the throne. • 1. The Weimar Republic signed the Treaty of Versailles which was extremely unpopular in Germany • 2. It was associated with the massive inflation and economic ruin of the 20’s • 3. Democracy was not running smoothly in Germany, there were too many parties and no clear majority The Rise of Hitler Hitler Leader of the Nazi Party • Joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party: (Nazi Party) • 1921 Hitler became leader of the Nazi Party Hitler Leader of the Nazi Party • Adopt the swastika to tie his ideas to the past and the occult • Established the SA or Brown Shirts Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 • In 1923, he attempted a coup d'état in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch. • Hitler sent to prison – There he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). Coup d’etat: A revolution to try and take over the g’vt Hitler Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • Book that set forth Hitler’s beliefs and goals: – Racial Purity – Aryans = “master race” those of Germanic decent, blond hair and blue eyes – Non-Aryans = “inferior or subhuman races,” Jews, Slavs and Gypsies Mein Kampf (My Struggle) 1. Denouncement of the Treaty of Versailles 2. Lebensraum: – “living space” Hitler called for an invasion of Russia to allow the German race to grow 3. The twin evils: – Communism and Judaism, his aim was to eradicate both from the face of the earth Hitler’s Rise to Power • 1933, To increase the number of Nazis serving in the Parliament, Hitler calls a new election. • Six days before the elections the Reichstag (House of Parliament) is set on fire Hitler’s Rise to Power • The Nazis blame the communists and win a slim majority in Parliament • Enabling Act 1933 – With a majority, Hitler asks to be given total control of the legislative power for 4 years only Hitler’s Policies Hitler’s policies • Banned opposition parties and arrested opposition leaders • Created the SS (Hitler’s guards) led by Heinrich Himmler, who arrested and murdered hundreds Hitler’s Policies • Night of the Long Knives – Hitler ordered the killing of many Brown Shirts leaders in order to keep the SA in line • Gestapo: secret police that used brutality and terror to keep everyone in line Hitler’s Economics • Banned Strikes and dissolved labor unions • Government took control over businesses • Started many government jobs that put millions to work building public works Hitler’s Social Rules • Propaganda: found in the Press, Radio, Literature, Paintings and Films • Book Burning, great classics were burned because they did not agree with Hitler’s ideas Hitler’s Social Rules • Hitler Youth (boys) and League of German Girls – Taught violence and struggle as part of life (Social Darwinism) Hitler Youth • By 1938, military training was routine • Girls were in the female division, known as the League of German Girls – Had uniforms – Also camped and hiked – Taught domestic skills – Women were expected to be faithful wives and dutiful mothers