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New Imperialism Discussion and Argumentative Writing Standards Alignment Activity Instructions Discussion Question List Table Discussion Cards Discussion and Argumentative Writing Guide Concluding Statement Standards Alignment California State Standards for Grade 10 • 10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines. – 1. Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism (e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology). – 2. Discuss the locations of the colonial rule of such nations as England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States. – 3. Explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized and the varied immediate and long-term responses by the people under colonial rule. – 4. Describe the independence struggles of the colonized regions of the world, including the roles of leaders, such as Sun Yat-sen in China, and the roles of ideology and religion. Common Core Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Science for Grades 9 & 10 Students: • RH 2 - Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of how key events or ideas develop over the course of the text. • RH 3 - Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them. • RH 4 - Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary describing political, social, or economic aspects of history/social studies. • RH 9 - Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources. Common Core Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Science for Grades 9 & 10 Students: • WHST 1 - Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. – a. Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among the claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. – b. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying data and evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both claim(s) and counterclaims in a disciplineappropriate form and in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level and concerns. – c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims. – d. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. – e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from or supports the argument presented. – f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic). • WHST 4 - Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. • WHST 7 - Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. • WHST 8 - Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation. • WHST 9 - Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Discussion and Argumentative Writing Activity Instructions Set Up & Activity There are 8 tables around the room and each table will have a table host as determined by the group or the instructor. It is suggested that each group have around four students for effective discussion. If there are more students, duplicate the questions and have two sets of tables, reducing the group size. There is an essential question at each table to discuss with the group. The students are to discuss the essential question as a group and record on a larger paper as well as their own response sheet. Students will rotate to each table and have a timed discussion session. It is suggested that you give time for discuss then time to write their reflection. During the discussion, the table leader or another student will record on the larger sheet discussion outcomes and may include drawings, notes, etc. Objective Have meaningful conversations about imperialism and practice argumentative writing. Rules for Students • Everyone must participate in the table discussions. • Stay on task. • Respect each other’s opinion. • Write on the larger paper during discussions. • Write your reflection after each session. Table Discussion Cards • Table #1: 4 Motives of Imperialism: The four motives of imperialism were economic interests, national pride, religion, and racial superiority. Of the four motives of imperialism, which one do you think motivated European and American imperialism the most? Explain your answer. • Table #2: India: Some of the negative effects of British Imperialism in India were that the British held much of the political and economic power and had racist attitudes towards Indians. Some of the positive effects were that the British modernized India with railroads and improved health care and education. Overall, do you think the positive effects of British imperialism in India outweighed the negative effects? • Table #3: Africa: Many African countries today suffer from civil war and extreme poverty. Historians agree that much of this is a result of European imperialism in the late 1800s and 1900s. What aspect of European imperialism do you think most contributed to the problems many African countries face today? Explain. • Table #4: Hawaii: History shows that American businessmen encouraged the United States government to take over Hawaii in order to protect their lucrative sugar plantations on the islands. In your opinion, do you think the U.S.’s annexation of Hawaii in 1898 was justified? • Table #5: Philippines: After the Spanish-American War, the Philippines, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, fought for their independence from the United States for nearly three years. Do you think the Filipino rebellion against the United States was justified? Why or why not? • Table #6: Cuba: Some negative effects of American imperialism in Cuba were that the U.S. refused to give Cuba their independence after the Treaty of Paris in order to maintain control of their lucrative sugar and tobacco plantations. Some positive effects of American imperialism in Cuba was that the U.S. eliminated yellow fever, a disease that killed hundreds of Cubans each year, and created public schools. Overall, do you think the positive effects of American imperialism in Cuba outweighed the negative effects? • Table #7: Panama Canal: In order to acquire the land to build the Panama Canal, Teddy Roosevelt and the U.S. military funded and supported the Panamanian independence movement against Columbia. In return, the new Panamanian government was required to give the land for the canal to the U.S. Do you think this was a sneaky and devious way of acquiring the land, or do you think it was a very smart and legitimate strategy? Explain your opinion. • Table #8: China: By 1899 China was divided into European and American spheres of influence. Chinese resentment of foreign control resulted in the Boxer Rebellion, which was led by poor Chinese peasants and workers. Do you think the Boxer Rebellion was a good attempt to resist imperialism, or do you think the Chinese could have come-up with a better way to rid China of foreign control? Table #1: 4 Motives of Imperialism: The four motives of imperialism were economic interests, national pride, religion, and racial superiority. Of the four motives of imperialism, which one do you think motivated European and American imperialism the most? Explain your answer. Table #3: Africa: Many African countries today suffer from civil war and extreme poverty. Historians agree that much of this is a result of European imperialism in the late 1800s and 1900s. What aspect of European imperialism do you think most contributed to the problems many African countries face today? Explain. Table #2: India: Some of the negative effects of British Imperialism in India were that the British held much of the political and economic power and had racist attitudes towards Indians. Some of the positive effects were that the British modernized India with railroads and improved health care and education. Overall, do you think the positive effects of British imperialism in India outweighed the negative effects? Table #4: Hawaii: History shows that American businessmen encouraged the United States government to take over Hawaii in order to protect their lucrative sugar plantations on the islands. In your opinion, do you think the U.S.’s annexation of Hawaii in 1898 was justified? Table #5: Philippines: After the Spanish-American War, the Philippines, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, fought for their independence from the United States for nearly three years. Do you think the Filipino rebellion against the United States was justified? Why or why not? Table #6: Cuba: Some negative effects of American imperialism in Cuba were that the U.S. refused to give Cuba their independence after the Treaty of Paris in order to maintain control of their lucrative sugar and tobacco plantations. Some positive effects of American imperialism in Cuba was that the U.S. eliminated yellow fever, a disease that killed hundreds of Cubans each year, and created public schools. Overall, do you think the positive effects of American imperialism in Cuba outweighed the negative effects? Table #7: Panama Canal: In order to acquire the land to build the Panama Canal, Teddy Roosevelt and the U.S. military funded and supported the Panamanian independence movement against Columbia. In return, the new Panamanian government was required to give the land for the canal to the U.S. Do you think this was a sneaky and devious way of acquiring the land, or do you think it was a very smart and legitimate strategy? Explain your opinion. Table #8: China: By 1899 China was divided into European and American spheres of influence. Chinese resentment of foreign control resulted in the Boxer Rebellion, which was led by poor Chinese peasants and workers. Do you think the Boxer Rebellion was a good attempt to resist imperialism, or do you think the Chinese could have come-up with a better way to rid China of foreign control? New Imperialism Discussion and Argumentative Writing Directions: Visit each table and complete the reflection section after discussing the questions for debate. Question for Debate: Table #1: 4 Motives of Imperialism The four motives of imperialism were economic interests, national pride, religion, and racial superiority. Of the four motives of imperialism, which one do you think motivated European and American imperialism the most? Explain your answer. Reflection: The motive of imperialism that I think motivated European and American imperialism the most was __________________________ because _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. (Furthermore, Moreover, In addition), _________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Table #2: India Some of the negative effects of British Imperialism in India were that the British held much of the political and economic power and had racist attitudes towards Indians. Some of the positive effects were that the British modernized India with railroads and improved health care and education. Overall, do you think the positive effects of British imperialism in India outweighed the negative effects? In my (opinion, view, estimation), I do/do not think the positive effects of British imperialism in India outweighed the negative effects because ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. (Furthermore, Moreover, In addition), _________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Table #3: Africa Many African countries today suffer from civil war and extreme poverty. Historians agree that much of this is a result of European imperialism in the late 1800s and 1900s. What aspect of European imperialism do you think most contributed to the problems many African countries face today? Explain. In my (opinion, view, estimation), the aspect of European imperialism that most contributed to the problems many African countries face today is ________________________________________________. This resulted in __________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. (Furthermore, Moreover, In addition), ________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Table #4: Hawaii History shows that American businessmen encouraged the United States government to take over Hawaii in order to protect their lucrative sugar plantations on the islands. In your opinion, do you think the U.S.’s annexation of Hawaii in 1898 was justified? In my (estimation, view, opinion), the U.S.’s annexation of Hawaii in 1898 was/was not justified because __________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. (Furthermore, Moreover, In addition), _________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. *Justified – To be right, just, or valid. Question for Debate: Table #5: Philippines After the Spanish-American War, the Philippines, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, fought for their independence from the United States for nearly three years. Do you think the Filipino rebellion against the United States was justified? Why or why not? *Justified – To be right, just, or valid. Reflection: In my (estimation, view, opinion), the Filipino rebellion against the United States was/was not justified because __________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. (Furthermore, Moreover, In addition), _________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Table #6: Cuba Some negative effects of American imperialism in Cuba were that the U.S. refused to give Cuba their independence after the Treaty of Paris in order to maintain control of their lucrative sugar and tobacco plantations. Some positive effects of American imperialism in Cuba was that the U.S. eliminated yellow fever, a disease that killed hundreds of Cubans each year, and created public schools. Overall, do you think the positive effects of American imperialism in Cuba outweighed the negative effects? In my (estimation, view, opinion), I do/do not think the positive effects of U.S. imperialism in Cuba outweighed the negative effects because _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. (Furthermore, Moreover, In addition), _________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Table #7: Panama Canal In order to acquire the land to build the Panama Canal, Teddy Roosevelt and the U.S. military funded and supported the Panamanian independence movement against Columbia. In return, the new Panamanian government was required to give the land for the canal to the U.S. Do you think this was a sneaky and devious way of acquiring the land, or do you think it was a very smart and legitimate strategy? Explain your opinion. In my (view, opinion, estimation), I think supporting the Panamanian independence movement was a sneaky and devious/ smart and legitimate U.S. strategy because ___________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. (Furthermore, Moreover, In addition), ________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Table #8: China By 1899 China was divided into European and American spheres of influence. Chinese resentment of foreign control resulted in the Boxer Rebellion, which was led by poor Chinese peasants and workers. Do you think the Boxer Rebellion was a good attempt to resist imperialism, or do you think the Chinese could have come-up with a better way to rid China of foreign control? In my (view, opinion, estimation), ____________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. (For example, For instance) ________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Concluding Statement Write ONE comment or idea that you thought was particularly insightful during the discussion activity. One comment that I found particularly (thought provoking, interesting, fascinating) was when (person’s name) ______________________ said _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________. I found this (comment, statement, observation) particularly insightful because ___________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________. Concluding Statement Write ONE comment or idea that you thought was particularly insightful during the discussion activity. One comment that I found particularly (thought provoking, interesting, fascinating) was when (person’s name) ______________________ said _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________. I found this (comment, statement, observation) particularly insightful because ___________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________.