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Characteristics of Life
Biology 1
APG
6 Characteristics
Made of Cells - cells are the most basic unit of
life, single cell organisms do exist
Reproduce – offspring must be produced before
an organism dies so the species can live on
Evolve – change over time, pass on beneficial
traits so the next generation is better off
Organization – individual cells have organization,
entire organism has organization (ex: body systems)
Metabolize – needs, uses, and processes
energy/food to grow and repair
Respond – will make changes in response to
something in the environment
Made of Cells
rock
wood
frog
leaf
worm
cactus
door
paper
grass
water
tree
book
elk
bicycle
human
bacteria
6 Characteristics of Living Things
Reproduce
Evolve
Organization
Metabolize
Respond
Do Now! 10/20
Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the
main idea of the question and the full answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT a
characteristic of life?
A) Living things are adapted to a
particular way of life.
B) Living things respond to
stimuli.
C) Living things reproduce.
D) Living things have an internal
(inside) environment that stays
absolutely constant.
2. Food provides
nutrient molecules,
which are used either
as building blocks or
for ______.
A) evolution
B) reproduction
C) response
D) metabolism
Chemistry in Biology
Chemistry = The study of changes in
matter
Matter = Anything that:
a) Occupies space [volume]
b) Has mass [weight]
Atoms
Are the building blocks of matter
Atoms, are made up of:
Neutrons (no charge)
n0
(in nucleus)
+ (in nucleus)
p
Protons (positive charge)
Electrons (negative charge)
e-
Practice
1. Which part of an
atom has a positive
charge?
a. Electrons
b. Neutrons
c. Nucleus
d. Protons
2. Which part of an
atom circles or orbits
around the outside?
a. Electrons
b. Neutrons
c. Neutral charge
d. Positive charge
Elements
Pure substances (composed of all the
same kinds of atoms) that cannot be
broken down by physical or chemical
means.
Identified in the Periodic Table
• 118 Elements
• 92 Naturally
Occurring
• All matter both
living and non-living
found in the table
Molecules
Two or more of the SAME atoms
that join together chemically
Compounds
Two or more DIFFERENT elements that are
chemically combined (Bonded)
Practice
1. An element is a pure
substance in which there
are how many kinds of
atoms?
• A) two kinds of atoms
B) four kinds of atoms
C) three kinds of atoms
D) one kind of atom
2. Which of the following
is an example of an
element?
a. H2
b. H2O
c. CO2
d. C6H12O6
Types or Size of Molecules
• Monomer- one molecule, compound or atom.
One single sub-unit
• Polymer- two or more monomers bonded
together
6 elements in ALL Living
things:
•C arbon*
•H ydrogen*
* = most abundant
•N itrogen*
•O xygen*
•P hosphorus
•S ulfur
in living things
Biomolecule
• Biomolecule- a molecule produced by a living
organism, will have carbon in it and other
elements from CHNOPS (sometimes referred
to as organic compounds)
Practice
• Put the following letters in order of the
acronym.
P
N
C
O
H
S
What do ALL Biomolecules have?
Because…
•Can form 4 bonds
•Forms neutral compounds (not charged)
•Forms long chains and branches, and rings
BIG “macromolecules”
Practice
Match the terms with the correct definition. Write the number and answer.
1. Two or more different types of atoms
bonded together.
2. A pure substance with all the same type
of atoms
3. Two or more monomers bonded
together
4. Two or more of the same type of atoms
bonded together
5. A molecule produced by a living thing
6. Has mass and volume
7. One single sub-unit
Biomolecule
Compound
Element
Matter
Molecule
Monomer
Polymer
Do Now! 10/21
Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the
main idea of the question and the full answer.
1. The nucleus of an atom
contains:
a. Electrons and Neutrons
b. Neutrons and Protons
c. Positive and negative
charges
d. All neutral particles
2. Two or more different
elements bonded together
is a:
a. Atom
b. Compound
c. Element
d. molecule
Do Now! 10/21
Get your folder. In the Do Now section, answer the
questions in complete sentences.
1. What element is present in all Biomolecules and is
central in their structure?
2. What is a synonym for biomolecules?
3. What does “macro” mean?
Do Now! 10/22
Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the
main idea of the question and the full answer.
1. Which are the four most
abundant elements in living
cells?
a. carbon, oxygen,
nitrogen, sulfur
b. carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen
c. carbon, oxygen, sulfur,
phosphorus
d. carbon, sulfur, hydrogen,
magnesium
1. _______ is a molecule
and ________ is a
compound.
a. H2O, CO2
b. O2, H2
c. O2, CO2
d. CO2, H2O
Do Now! 9/26
Get your folder and page 1 of the SWH.
THINK: ANSWER #1 on the SWH. “What do you
think is the best way to lose weight?” (In other
words…If you were to diet, how would you do it?
What is the best diet?)
Write your answer in complete sentences.
PAIR: Discuss your answer with your tablemate.
SHARE: Let’s discuss as a class.
Do Now! 10/23
Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the
main idea of the question and the full answer.
1. Amino Acids are to protein
as _______________?
A. Fatty acid and glycerol are
to lipid
B. DNA is to RNA
C. Simple sugars are to
starch
D. monosaccharides are to
fat
2. What is the monomer
of carbohydrates?
A. Amino acids
B. Nucleotides
C. Fatty acid
D. monosaccharide
Do Now! 10/23 cont.
Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the
main idea of the question and the full answer.
1. What characteristics make
carbon a good atom to use
in macromolecules?
a. Forms 4 bonds with other
atoms
b. Forms molecules with
charges
c. Forms small molecules with
no more than 3 carbons
d. Forms bonds with only
other carbons and hydrogen
2. If you are stranded on an
island which
macromolecule would you
want to be able to consume
(eat)?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Nucleic Acids
d. Proteins
Macromolecules
•Carbohydrates
•Proteins
•Lipids/Fats
•Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
(sugars and starches)
• Used for energy storage and production
• Carbohydrate- an organic compound made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C H2O)
– Made of simple sugars such as fructose and
glucose
• Monosaccharides- single sugar molecule
– Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose
• Disaccharide- 2 monosaccharides (2 sugars),
– Ex: sucrose or table sugar
• Polysaccharides- many sugars, complex
carbohydrates
– ex: starch or cellulose
Starch- energy storage compound, important
food source for animals/humans
Cellulose- gives plant cell walls their
structure/support, used in wood and cotton
fibers
Structure of Carbohydrates
Lipids
(fats and oils)
• Best energy storage compound – 3 to 4 x’s more
• Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen
• Lipids- fats, oils, or waxes-fat like compounds
• A fat molecule is made of 1 glycerol molecule and 3
fatty acid molecules
• 1 gram of fat has 3 to 4 times as much energy
as 1 gram of carbohydrates…so it’s a more
efficient storage compound
• Cholesterol- a lipid that is important to the
structural component of cells
-it also makes hormones for the body
(estrogen and testosterone)
-can be bad when there is too much (heart
disease)
• Phospholipid – type of lipid that makes up the
cell membrane in all cells
Proteins
• Amino Acid- building block of proteins, 20
different amino acids, all have C, H, O, and N
and some contain Sulfur
• 2 Functions: structural components of cells or
acts as an enzymes (function in chemical
reactions)
• Some proteins build body parts such as
muscle, bone, hair and feathers
• To synthesize (make) a protein -> 2 or more
amino acids link together
• Peptide bonds hold the amino acids together
• Polypeptide- long chain of amino acids
• Thousands of different proteins are made out
of these 20 amino acids – number and
combination of amino acids.
• Green plants can make all of the amino acids
• Animals and people cannot, which is why we
have to eat a variety of foods to acquire them
Nucleic Acids
•
•
A series of nucleotides linked together makes a
nucleic acid
Nucleotide- is made up of a phosphate group, 5carbon sugar, and nitrogen base. (CHNOP)
Two types of Nucleic acids
1. RNA- ribonucleic acid
-required for the synthesis (making) of proteins
2. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid
-determines genetic and hereditary information
Brainpop: “Body Chemistry”
Practice
• Place the terms into the correct boxes.
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Amino Acid
Nucleotide
Monosaccharide
Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids
DNA & RNA
Fats & Oils
Sugars
Meat & beans
CHO
CHO
CHNOP
CHON (S)
Cellulose
Cholesterol
Phosphate, Nitrogen Base &
Sugar
Plants make all 20
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Biomolecule Quiz
Match the correct biomolecule(s) with the following
terms or statements*: *(You may use more than one letter per question.)
1. Amino Acid________________
2. Basic Formula CH2O________
3. Contains 2-3x more energy than
other biomolecules__________
4. Contains the elements CHO in its
structure________________
5. Stores and transmits genetic
information________________
6. Monosaccharide_____________
7. Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids______
8. Made up of Nucleotides_______
9. Peptides Bonds______________
10. Stores energy in covalent
bonds______________________
a) Carbohydrate
b) Lipid
c) Protein
d) Nucleic Acid
Matching Practice
1. Sugar that gives plant cell walls their
Cellulose
structure
Cholesterol
2. 2 or more monomers put together
Disaccharide
3. Makes up the cell membrane of all cells
DNA
4. Carries genetic information
monomer
Peptide Bond 5. 2 sugars
Phospholipid
6. Required for the synthesis of proteins
Polymer
Polysaccharide 7. Holds together two amino acids
8. Lipid that is an important component of
RNA
cell structure, makes hormones
9. Many sugars
10. A single sub-unit (building block)
Isotopes are atoms of elements with a
different number of neutrons
Carbon
12
6 p+
6 p+
6 e-
6 e-
0
0
6n
Radioactive
Isotopes
Carbon
14
8n
Give off
radiation
(neutrons)