Download Lesson 4 Grammar Practice All ActiveTenses

Lesson 4
Grammar Practice
1.
2.
All ActiveTenses.Revision and Consolidation Г.В.Верба, Л.Г. Верба.
Граматика сучасної англійської мови. pp. 7-41
Exercises: Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ.
Ex. 78p. 99; Ex. 98p. 114;Ex. 102p. 117.
Vocabulary Practice
1. Read, translate and entitle the text.
2. Write out and learn the unknown words.
Auguste Comte was born in southern France, grew up in a conservative
family in the wake of the French Revolution, and spent most of the life in Paris.
The dramatic social changes that were taking place around him stimulated his
interest in society. From the Greek and Latin words meaning «the study of
society», he derived the word sociology.
The foundation of Comte's work was an attempt to apply scientific methods
to the study of society and to the practical task of social reform. In his own
lifetime, scientific thinking was becoming more sophisticated and influential than
ever before, increasing human knowledge about the physical world. Why not,
Comte reasoned, apply the same scientific methods to understanding the social
world? In Comte's view, sociology should attempt to determine the laws that
govern human social behaviour, in much the same way that natural laws govern the
operation of the physical world. Comte's sociological study was concerned with
what he called social statics — how society maintains itself as a cohesive system
of many interrelated parts — and social dynamics — how society changes in an
orderly way according to specific social laws.
Few sociologists today would agree that society operates according to
absolute and invariable laws; yet most sociologists accept the idea that the study
should be concerned with both social stability and social change. Most sociologists
also agree that sociology should be based, as much as possible, on scientific
methods.
3. Read the text once more and find the answers to the following questions:
1. What does the word «sociology» mean?
2. What was the foundation of Comte's work?
3. What was his sociological study concerned with?
4. What should sociology be based on?
WORD STUDY
4. Find in the text synonyms for:
sources, for instance, to comprise, to call, to be considered as, latest, to be founded
on, question, main, significance, works, in the same way, middle age, to be
interested in, before, pattern, of course, chief objective, really, people, thanks to the
efforts, to appear, to offer, to involve, reason, purpose, to determine, road, also.
5. Complete the following sentences:
1. The Greek philosophers and theologians were deeply concerned with ... .
2. Emile Durkheim was greatly interested in ... .
3. Pioneering sociologists were much influenced by ... .
4. Natural scientists of the medieval era were greatly influenced by ... .
5. Thomas Hobbes was particularly concerned with ... .
6. Modern sociologists are deeply interested in ...