Download circ sys copy 16

The circulatory system- main
Goal is to get dissolved
Nutrients , gasses and waste
In and out of body cells.
The heart – muscular, 4
Chambered pump.
The top 2 chambers of the
Heart are the atria (atrium)
They receive blood
Right Atrium receives deoxygenated
Blood from body
Left atrium receives oxygenated
Blood from lungs
Left atrium
RIGHT ATRIUM
Deoxygenated blood enters the
Heart through a HUGE vein
The Vena Cava into right atrium
The bottom chambers of the
Heart are the -pumping
Ventricles.
Right ventricle pumps blood
To the lungs to get Oxygen
Left Ventricle – pumps
Oxygenated blood to the
Whole body
RIGHT ventricle
Left Ventricle
Oxygenated blood leaves
The left ventricle through
A massive artery the aorta.
AORTA
Please sketch these basic 4
Chambers of the heart.
Right
Atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left
ventricle
Actual
Human
Heart
(Ahhhhhh)
Valves are structures that
Prevent the backflow of
Blood between chambers.
VALVE
Valves
Heart
The heart is a hard working
Muscle so it also needs lots of
Blood – this blood is supplied
Through the coronary blood
Vessels.
If the coronary blood vessels
Become blocked a _________
May result and bypass surgery
Will be necessary.
Path of blood flow through hear
Deoxy. Blood enters R. atriunm
Through vena cava – R. ventricle
Pumps it to lungs – returns with
Oxygen to L. atrium and L. vent.
Pumps Oxygenated blood to body
Through aorta
Arteries – carry blood away
From the heart, usually it
Is oxygenated. Thick walled
And muscular.
Veins – carry blood back to
The heart – usually de oxy-genated. Thin walled, have
Valves to prevent backflow.
Varicose
Veins
Causes –
Bad valves
In veins,
Weight,
Job
Capillaries – Tiny blood vess- els That are the site for
Exchange with the cells.
Blood consists of a fluid
Called plasma, which
Contains red & white blood
Cells and platelets.
Materials are exchanged with
The body cells through
Capillaries by the process
Of ______________ ?????
Red blood cells (rbc’s)
– transport
Materials to and from the
Bodies cells.(Gasses, waste
And nutrients).
Red Blood cells contain a red
Pigment = hemoglobin to help
Carry oxygen
Rbc’s – take oxygen and
Nutrients in to cells and CO2
And wastes out.
They are produced in bone
Marrow.
White blood cells – many
Different types, basic job is
To fight off foreign substanc-
-es in the blood.
Lymphocytes type of WBC’s
includes B cells
Which release antibodies
And T cells which directly
Fight foreign substances at
The site of infection.
Platelets – small cell frag-ments that clot the blood.
Actual platlets clotting real
Human blood (oooohhhh)
Lack of platelets is ___?___
Hemophelia – most
Hemopheliacs die of???
Antigen – any substance
In your blood (bad thing)
That causes antibody
Production – this is known
As the immune response
Immunity – bodies ability to
Resist a specific disease.
Active immunity – occurs
When you get the disease
Produce antibodies, protected
For life. Ex. = chicken pox
Vaccine – you are injected
With a small amount of the
Disease and the body
Produces antibodies.
Passive immunity – receive
Antibodies from anothers
Blood. Temporary. Ex.=
Snake bite serum from horse
Allergies – exposure to a
Substance causes immune
Response such as sneezing
Coughing, watery eyes etc.
Histamine = substance that
The body releases which
Causes the allergic response
Of sneezing etc.
White cells are produced in
Bone marrow and lymph
Nodes.
Intracellular fluid = ICF –
All body cells are surrounded
By a fluid which comes from
Extra plasma called ICF.
Diffusion of materials to the
Cells occurs through ICF.
ICF is drained and “cleaned”
By the lymph nodes and
Lymphatic system.
Lymph nodes- phagocytotic
White blood cells filter the
Lymph or ICF and clean out
Bacteria and dead cells.
Lymph
Nodes
Disorders
Coronary thrombosis = heart
Attack – blocked coronary
Arteries.
High blood pressure or hyper
-tension – most common
Disorder, can lead to anurism
Anemia – lack of RBC’s
Causes fatigue, iron in the
Diet will help.
Leukemia – abnormal white
Blood cells.
HIV / AIDS – breakdown of the
Immune system.attacks WBC’s
And their disease fighting ability
Sickle Cell anemia – red blood
Cells are misshapen – like the
Grim reapers sickle.
RBC’s – cant move through
Blood vessels properly – great
Pain – even can cause death.
Blood Pressure – the force
With which blood presses
Against the artery walls.
120/80 is ok for adult men
Women are lower due to
Estrogen which makes
Blood vessels more elastic.