Download Plant Reproduction

Ch. 38
Plant Reproduction
In a nutshell
AP Biology
2007-2008
Plant Diversity
mosses
ferns
conifers
flowering plants
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
non-vascular
land plants
seedless
vascular plants
pollen &
“naked” seeds
flowers & fruit
flowers & fruits
pollen & seeds
vascular system
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common ancestor
xylem cells
tracheids
Animal vs. Plant life cycle
Animal
Plant
diploid
multicellular
individual
2n
mitosis
diploid
multicellular
sporophyte
2n
mitosis
meiosis
fertilization
haploid
unicellular
gametes
1n
fertilization
meiosis
gametes
1n
spores
1n
mitosis
mitosis
haploid
multicellular
gametophyte
1n
alternation of generations
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Bryophytes
 Mosses & liverworts





non-vascular
diploid
swimming sperm
multicellular
dominant haploid gametophyte
sporophyte
dependent sporophyte
2n
mitosis
spores for reproduction
meiosis
fertilization
gametes
1n
spores
1n
mitosis
mitosis
haploid
multicellular
gametophyte
1n
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alternation
of generations
Pteridophytes
 Ferns




vascular
swimming sperm
dominant sporophyte
independent gametophyte
 fragile

diploid
multicellular
sporophyte
2n
mitosis
fertilization
meiosis
gametes
1n
spores
1n
mitosis
mitosis
spores for reproduction
haploid
archegonia
antheridia
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alternation
of generations
haploid
multicellular
gametophyte
1n
Gymnosperm
 Conifers





vascular
diploid
pollen (sperm)
multicellular
dominant sporophyte
sporophyte
dependent reduced gametophyte
2n
mitosis
cones, seeds for reproduction fertilization
meiosis
female
male
AP Biology
gametes
1n
spores
1n
mitosis
mitosis
haploid
multicellular
gametophyte
1n
Angiosperm
 Flowering plants





vascular
diploid
pollen (sperm)
multicellular
dominant sporophyte
sporophyte
dependent reduced gametophyte
2n
mitosis
flowers, fruits, seeds for
meiosis
fertilization
reproduction
male
gametophyte
in pollen
(haploid)
female
gametophyte
in ovary
(haploid)
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gametes
1n
spores
1n
mitosis
mitosis
haploid
multicellular
gametophyte
1n
Angiosperm: flowering plants
AP Biology
polar
nuclei
Angiosperm life cycle
male
gametophyte
in pollen
(haploid)
pollen
grains
egg
cell
fertilization
female
gametophyte
in ovary
(haploid)
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sporophyte
in seed
(diploid)
Flower
 Modified shoot with 4 rings
of modified leaves
sepals Stamen
 petals
 stamens

Stigma
Style
Ovary
Anther
Carpel
Filament
 male
 pollen

carpel
sepals
petals
stamens
Petal
Ovule
 female
 egg
AP Biology
Sepal
carpel
Double Fertilization
What’s the
adaptive
advantage?
pollen grain
sperm cells
pollination
pollen tube
ovule
Endosperm (3n)
ovary
endosperm (3n)
pollen tube
polar
nuclei
egg cell
AP Biology
 food in seed
 grains
 beans
 coconut milk
zygote (2n)
Seed & Plant embryo
 Seed offers…
seed coat
endosperm
protection for
3n
embryo
 stored nutrients
cotyledons
for growth of
embryo

embryo
cotyledons = “seed” leaves,
first
leaves of new plant
AP Biology
Identify the flower structures…
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Flower variations
AP Biology
seeds
Corn reproduction
flowers &
seeds
silkstigma & style
AP Biology
femalecarpel
tassel
pollen
malestamens
Co-evolution: flowers & pollinators
How a bee sees a flower…insects see
UV light = a bulls-eye to the nectar
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Angiosperm: fruiting plants
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Other fruits…
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Fruit development
 Peach, plum, apricot, cherry

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1 flower : 1 carpel : 1 ovary : 1 seed
Fruit development
 Apple, pear

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1 flower : 5 carpels : many ovaries : many seeds
Fruit development
 Citrus fruit

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1 flower : many carpels : many ovaries :
many seeds
Fruit development
 Raspberry, strawberry

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1 flower : many ovaries : many seeds
Seed dispersal
 Plants produce enormous numbers of seeds to compensate
for low survival rate

vast amount of genetic variation for natural selection to screen
r-strategy
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K-strategy
Any
Questions??
AP Biology
2007-2008