Download 1. The greatest percentage of the Earth`s atmosphere is composed

16
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
The greatest percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of
A. oxygen.
B. nitrogen.
C. carbon dioxide.
D. methane.
E. argon.
2.
The principal framework for national, state, tribal, and local efforts to protect air quality in the U.S. is
found in
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for enforcing the Clean Air Act to
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
reduce emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds.
produce more regulations.
increase worker help and safety.
All of these are correct.
The main activity of the U.N. initiated Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.
the constitution.
the congressional mandate.
the EPA preamble.
the Clean Air Act.
to provide regular inspections of air quality.
to provide regular intervals of assessments of climate change knowledge.
to provide financial support to third world countries.
None of these are correct.
One of the ways in which Mexico City has improved air quality was to
A. switch from burning coal to hydroelectric power plants to generate electricity.
B. switch from oil to nuclear power plants to generate electricity.
C. to eliminate all taxis from operating within the city.
D. to eliminate lead from gasoline, require catalytic converters on all automobiles, and to improve public
transportation.
6.
One of the IPCC reports provided much of the technical information which led to
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Kyoto Protocol.
the Third World Report.
U.N. Framework Convention.
None of these are correct.
7.
Which of the following is NOT a conclusion reached by the IPCC regarding global warming?
A.
B.
C.
D.
8.
One group of compounds produced by humans that are minor components of greenhouse gas are
collectively called
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.
The average temperature of the Earth is warming.
Human activity increases the amounts of greenhouse gases.
There is a direct correlation between temperature increase and the amount of greenhouse gases.
Fossil fuel combustion is directly responsible for the Earth's temperature increase.
CBCs.
CFCs
PVCs
DVDs
A significant loss of Arctic sea ice was first reported in 2005 by
A.
B.
C.
D.
NASA.
NOAA.
EPA.
CDC.
10. The decline in arctic sea ice may be contributed to
A.
B.
C.
D.
climate change.
naturally occurring climate variability.
warmer water.
Both climate change and naturally occurring climate variability could be true.
11. Photochemical smog forms when _________ and ________ are trapped by a thermal inversion and form
ozone.
A.
B.
C.
D.
hydrocarbons; lead
hydrocarbons; oxides of nitrogen
carbon monoxide; sulfur dioxide
carbon dioxide; lead
12. The chief source of chlorofluorocarbons in the environment is
A.
B.
C.
D.
refrigerant gases.
propellants in aerosol containers.
expanders in foam products.
All of these are correct.
13. Nitrous oxides enter the atmosphere from fossil fuels and ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
fertilizers.
refrigerator coolants.
pesticides.
ozone.
14. The Ozone Multilateral Fund
A.
B.
C.
D.
provides financial assistance to businesses to become CFC free.
opposes CFC regulations on businesses.
is an international trade organization focused on the trade of CFC products.
monitors the ozone layer for new holes.
15. Scrubbers, precipitators, and filters
A.
B.
C.
D.
reduce secondary air pollution.
reduce ozone.
reduce particulate pollution.
reduce carbon monoxide pollution.
16. What is the name given to the accumulation of acid-forming particles on a surface?
A.
B.
C.
D.
surface retention
acid deposition
particulate pollution
secondary pollution
17. Which of the following chemicals is implicated in both global warming and ozone depletion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
chlorofluorocarbons
sulfur dioxide
nicotine
radon
18. What is the source of radon?
A.
B.
C.
D.
recombination of oxygen atoms in the atmosphere
uranium 238
oxides of nitrogen
None of these are correct.
19. The amount of lead released into the atmosphere
A.
B.
C.
D.
has declined since the introduction of lead free gasoline.
has increased with the increase in automobiles.
is greatest in rural areas.
is directly related to the amount of acid rain.
20. Releasing pollutants into the air does not get rid of them but only
A.
B.
C.
D.
gets them out of site.
keeps them out of surface waters.
dilutes and disperses them.
changes their chemical and physical structure.
21. Industrial dust and ash are considered
A.
B.
C.
D.
primary air pollutants.
secondary air pollutants.
photochemical smog.
particulates.
22. Gas caps with air pollution control valves
A.
B.
C.
D.
reduce lead in the atmosphere.
reduce hydrocarbon loss.
reduce particulate pollution.
reduce "brown cloud" effects.
23. What is the function of a catalytic converter?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It reduces lead and other metals.
It reduces particulate pollution.
It reduces photochemical smog.
All of these are correct.
24. The most common source of carbon monoxide is from
A.
B.
C.
D.
industry.
burning leaves.
vehicles.
swamps.
25. Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It results in an increase in the ozone hole in the stratosphere.
It binds with hemoglobin, reducing the blood's oxygen carry-capacity.
It combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
It is carcinogenic.
26. A common source of volatile organic compounds is
A.
B.
C.
D.
swamps.
cows.
burning leaves.
vehicles.
27. Particulate matter is a dangerous pollutant because it
A.
B.
C.
D.
irritates the lining of the respiratory tract.
results in heart attacks.
decreases asthma rates.
replaces oxygen in the blood.
28. Who ultimately pays for the changes mandated by the 1990 Clean Air Act?
A.
B.
C.
D.
utility companies
oil companies
the federal government
consumers
29. Which of the following is an adverse health effect from air pollution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
bronchial inflammation
allergic reactions
eye irritation
All of these are correct.
30. Deaths from air pollutants occur primarily among
A.
B.
C.
D.
the elderly.
the very young.
asthma sufferers.
All of these are correct.
31. Sulfur dioxide levels in the United States have _____ since 1970.
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreased by 30%
increased by 30%
remained constant
climbed to 157%
32. Even with the use of catalytic converters, nitrogen dioxide levels have not decreased significantly in the
United States because of
A.
B.
C.
D.
an increase in industrial processing of metals and textiles.
an increase in urban sprawl.
an increased number of cars and miles driven.
a decrease in environmental regulation.
33. Lead levels fell by 94% in North America between 1982 and 2002 due to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
elimination of lead paint.
elimination of leaded gasoline.
mandatory testing of all children at 9 months of age.
introduction of calcium-enriched milk.
34. The major causes of water pollution in Louisiana are nutrients, sediment, and microorganisms. Which
stakeholder group will be most affected by needed changes to make rivers fishable and swimmable?
A.
B.
C.
D.
government officials
city dwellers
rural shopkeepers
farmers
35. Which of these is listed by EPA as a criteria air pollutant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
carbon monoxide
water
chlorine
hydrogen
36. Ground level ozone is
A.
B.
C.
D.
a significant source of air pollution and contributes to the increase in the ozone hole.
a significant source of air pollution and contributes to the formation of smog.
not regulated.
found only in rural areas.
37. The number of smog days in the top ten most polluted cities has
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreased to below 2 per year by 2000.
increased to more than 22 per year by 2000.
decreased to below 50 per year by 2000.
increased to more than 10 per year by 2000.
38. The role of ozone in the atmosphere is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
create harmful air pollution which contributes to smog.
increase the distribution of acid rain over the oceans.
shield the Earth from radiation from ultraviolet light.
decrease the impact of el Nino.
39. To decrease exposure to second hand smoke, the EPA recommended that
A.
B.
C.
D.
people not smoke in their homes or near children.
people not smoke in restaurants or bars.
all cigarette sales should have a $4 tax added.
children should not be allowed to purchase cigarettes.
40. The Kyoto Protocol was an international agreement to
A.
B.
C.
D.
set limits on six criteria air pollutants.
regulate CFC production.
set limits on carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases.
regulate the impact of el Nino.
41. The Clean Air Act
A.
B.
C.
D.
set national ambient air quality standards for six pollutants.
set voluntary air quality standards for 187 pollutants.
provided tax incentives and grants for voluntary clean-up of air pollution.
provided funding to States to regulate air pollution.
42. In general, air quality in the United States over the past 30 years has
A.
B.
C.
D.
declined except for nitrogen dioxide emissions.
declined except for lead emissions.
improved except for lead emissions.
improved except for nitrogen dioxide emissions.
43. Which of the following is not included in the energy policy initiatives of Germany to help reduce carbon
dioxide emissions?
A. a tax on motor freight per distance traveled
B. a tax on the use of energy sources such as coal, coke, and lignite
C. low interest loans for the installation of solar energy technology
D. setting the Renewable Energy Resources Act goal to provide 20% of electricity from renewable
resources
E. All of the above are correct.
Which of the following best matches the description?
44. Molecule consisting of three atoms of oxygen.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
45. Property of carbon dioxide that allows light to enter but not leave the atmosphere.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
46. Air pollutant consisting of nitrogen and oxygen compounds.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
47. Accumulation of potential acid-forming particles on a surface.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
48. Types of unmodified materials released into the atmosphere.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
49. Pollutants produced by the interaction of primary pollutants and an energy source.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
50. Yellowish-brown haze that is the result of the interaction of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and sunlight
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
51. Condition in which warm air is sandwiched between two layers of cold air.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
52. Small pieces of solid material that are dispersed into the atmosphere.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
53. Compound produced when sulfur-containing fossil fuels are burned.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
54. Gas emitted from certain kinds of rocks.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
55. Lead and nitrogen compounds are believed to contribute to the destruction of ozone in the upper
atmosphere.
True
False
56. Ozone is formed when photochemical smog reacts with sunlight.
True
False
57. The stratosphere is a wind current that blows from west to east.
True
False
58. Atmospheric ozone shields the Earth from the harmful effects of ultraviolet light radiation.
True
False
59. Loss of calcium ions from soil may be a major problem associated with acid rain.
True
False
60. One way to reduce the effects of acid rain is to remove lead from fuels.
True
False
61. The use of catalytic converters can reduce acid rain production.
True
False
62. Carbon dioxide is put into the atmosphere as a waste product of fossil fuel combustion.
True
False
63. Carbon monoxide is produced when organic materials are incompletely burned.
True
False
64. A large source of carbon monoxide is smoking tobacco.
True
False
65. Categories of air pollution include carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and lead.
True
False
66. Air pollution is an aesthetic problem with no documented cases of death directly related to poor air quality.
True
False
67. Since the prevailing wind patterns in the U.S. are from east to west, the best place to avoid air pollution is
on the extreme East Coast.
True
False
68. Radon gas may cause lung cancer if exposure is prolonged at high concentrations.
True
False
69. Photochemical smog is considered a primary pollutant.
True
False
70. As a waterbody becomes more acidic, many aquatic species fail to reproduce.
True
False
71. Acid rain is caused by the emission of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere.
True
False
72. Recently, Russia and the U.S. ratified the Kyoto Protocol.
True
False
73. Scientists have agreed that human activity is causing the climate to get warmer.
True
False
74. Ozone, when found close to the surface of the Earth, is a pollutant.
True
False
75. Most of the phosphorus entering Lake Champlain comes from nonpoint sources.
True
False
76. Unwanted sound or noise is considered to be a type of pollution.
True
False
77. NASA has determined that Arctic sea ice is not melting any faster than today than in previous decades.
True
False
78. Satellites have made continual observations of Arctic sea ice since 1978.
True
False
79. Melting of arctic sea ice might influence survival of polar bear populations.
True
False
80. Motor vehicle emissions are not a major source of air pollution.
True
False
81. Air can generally not accept and or disperse significant amounts of pollutants.
True
False
82. The EPA has specifically identified and classified 188 substances that are hazardous air pollutants.
True
False
83. There are six major sources of EPA Criteria Pollutants.
True
False
84. It is believed that human activities can alter the atmosphere in such a way that they can change climate.
True
False
85. As part of New York University's Green Action Plan it will build an underground co-generation plant that
can use the heat generated from an electric power plant to heat campus buildings.
True
False
86. Nitrogen dioxide is not included as one of the EPA Criteria Pollutants.
True
False
87. Newer, energy efficient homes have cleaner air quality than older, less efficient homes.
True
False
88. There are many positive actions that have improved air quality.
True
False
16 Key
1.
The greatest percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
oxygen.
nitrogen.
carbon dioxide.
methane.
argon.
Enger - Chapter 16 #1
2.
The principal framework for national, state, tribal, and local efforts to protect air quality in the U.S. is
found in
A.
B.
C.
D.
the constitution.
the congressional mandate.
the EPA preamble.
the Clean Air Act.
Enger - Chapter 16 #2
3.
The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for enforcing the Clean Air Act to
A.
B.
C.
D.
reduce emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds.
produce more regulations.
increase worker help and safety.
All of these are correct.
Enger - Chapter 16 #3
4.
The main activity of the U.N. initiated Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is
A.
B.
C.
D.
to provide regular inspections of air quality.
to provide regular intervals of assessments of climate change knowledge.
to provide financial support to third world countries.
None of these are correct.
Enger - Chapter 16 #4
5.
One of the ways in which Mexico City has improved air quality was to
A. switch from burning coal to hydroelectric power plants to generate electricity.
B. switch from oil to nuclear power plants to generate electricity.
C. to eliminate all taxis from operating within the city.
D. to eliminate lead from gasoline, require catalytic converters on all automobiles, and to improve
public transportation.
Enger - Chapter 16 #5
6.
One of the IPCC reports provided much of the technical information which led to
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Kyoto Protocol.
the Third World Report.
U.N. Framework Convention.
None of these are correct.
Enger - Chapter 16 #6
7.
Which of the following is NOT a conclusion reached by the IPCC regarding global warming?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The average temperature of the Earth is warming.
Human activity increases the amounts of greenhouse gases.
There is a direct correlation between temperature increase and the amount of greenhouse gases.
Fossil fuel combustion is directly responsible for the Earth's temperature increase.
Enger - Chapter 16 #7
8.
One group of compounds produced by humans that are minor components of greenhouse gas are
collectively called
A.
B.
C.
D.
CBCs.
CFCs
PVCs
DVDs
Enger - Chapter 16 #8
9.
A significant loss of Arctic sea ice was first reported in 2005 by
A.
B.
C.
D.
NASA.
NOAA.
EPA.
CDC.
Enger - Chapter 16 #9
10.
The decline in arctic sea ice may be contributed to
A.
B.
C.
D.
climate change.
naturally occurring climate variability.
warmer water.
Both climate change and naturally occurring climate variability could be true.
Enger - Chapter 16 #10
11.
Photochemical smog forms when _________ and ________ are trapped by a thermal inversion and
form ozone.
A.
B.
C.
D.
hydrocarbons; lead
hydrocarbons; oxides of nitrogen
carbon monoxide; sulfur dioxide
carbon dioxide; lead
Enger - Chapter 16 #11
12.
The chief source of chlorofluorocarbons in the environment is
A.
B.
C.
D.
refrigerant gases.
propellants in aerosol containers.
expanders in foam products.
All of these are correct.
Enger - Chapter 16 #12
13.
Nitrous oxides enter the atmosphere from fossil fuels and ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
fertilizers.
refrigerator coolants.
pesticides.
ozone.
Enger - Chapter 16 #13
14.
The Ozone Multilateral Fund
A.
B.
C.
D.
provides financial assistance to businesses to become CFC free.
opposes CFC regulations on businesses.
is an international trade organization focused on the trade of CFC products.
monitors the ozone layer for new holes.
Enger - Chapter 16 #14
15.
Scrubbers, precipitators, and filters
A.
B.
C.
D.
reduce secondary air pollution.
reduce ozone.
reduce particulate pollution.
reduce carbon monoxide pollution.
Enger - Chapter 16 #15
16.
What is the name given to the accumulation of acid-forming particles on a surface?
A.
B.
C.
D.
surface retention
acid deposition
particulate pollution
secondary pollution
Enger - Chapter 16 #16
17.
Which of the following chemicals is implicated in both global warming and ozone depletion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
chlorofluorocarbons
sulfur dioxide
nicotine
radon
Enger - Chapter 16 #17
18.
What is the source of radon?
A.
B.
C.
D.
recombination of oxygen atoms in the atmosphere
uranium 238
oxides of nitrogen
None of these are correct.
Enger - Chapter 16 #18
19.
The amount of lead released into the atmosphere
A.
B.
C.
D.
has declined since the introduction of lead free gasoline.
has increased with the increase in automobiles.
is greatest in rural areas.
is directly related to the amount of acid rain.
Enger - Chapter 16 #19
20.
Releasing pollutants into the air does not get rid of them but only
A.
B.
C.
D.
gets them out of site.
keeps them out of surface waters.
dilutes and disperses them.
changes their chemical and physical structure.
Enger - Chapter 16 #20
21.
Industrial dust and ash are considered
A.
B.
C.
D.
primary air pollutants.
secondary air pollutants.
photochemical smog.
particulates.
Enger - Chapter 16 #21
22.
Gas caps with air pollution control valves
A.
B.
C.
D.
reduce lead in the atmosphere.
reduce hydrocarbon loss.
reduce particulate pollution.
reduce "brown cloud" effects.
Enger - Chapter 16 #22
23.
What is the function of a catalytic converter?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It reduces lead and other metals.
It reduces particulate pollution.
It reduces photochemical smog.
All of these are correct.
Enger - Chapter 16 #23
24.
The most common source of carbon monoxide is from
A.
B.
C.
D.
industry.
burning leaves.
vehicles.
swamps.
Enger - Chapter 16 #24
25.
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It results in an increase in the ozone hole in the stratosphere.
It binds with hemoglobin, reducing the blood's oxygen carry-capacity.
It combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
It is carcinogenic.
Enger - Chapter 16 #25
26.
A common source of volatile organic compounds is
A.
B.
C.
D.
swamps.
cows.
burning leaves.
vehicles.
Enger - Chapter 16 #26
27.
Particulate matter is a dangerous pollutant because it
A.
B.
C.
D.
irritates the lining of the respiratory tract.
results in heart attacks.
decreases asthma rates.
replaces oxygen in the blood.
Enger - Chapter 16 #27
28.
Who ultimately pays for the changes mandated by the 1990 Clean Air Act?
A.
B.
C.
D.
utility companies
oil companies
the federal government
consumers
Enger - Chapter 16 #28
29.
Which of the following is an adverse health effect from air pollution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
bronchial inflammation
allergic reactions
eye irritation
All of these are correct.
Enger - Chapter 16 #29
30.
Deaths from air pollutants occur primarily among
A.
B.
C.
D.
the elderly.
the very young.
asthma sufferers.
All of these are correct.
Enger - Chapter 16 #30
31.
Sulfur dioxide levels in the United States have _____ since 1970.
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreased by 30%
increased by 30%
remained constant
climbed to 157%
Enger - Chapter 16 #31
32.
Even with the use of catalytic converters, nitrogen dioxide levels have not decreased significantly in the
United States because of
A.
B.
C.
D.
an increase in industrial processing of metals and textiles.
an increase in urban sprawl.
an increased number of cars and miles driven.
a decrease in environmental regulation.
Enger - Chapter 16 #32
33.
Lead levels fell by 94% in North America between 1982 and 2002 due to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
elimination of lead paint.
elimination of leaded gasoline.
mandatory testing of all children at 9 months of age.
introduction of calcium-enriched milk.
Enger - Chapter 16 #33
34.
The major causes of water pollution in Louisiana are nutrients, sediment, and microorganisms. Which
stakeholder group will be most affected by needed changes to make rivers fishable and swimmable?
A.
B.
C.
D.
government officials
city dwellers
rural shopkeepers
farmers
Enger - Chapter 16 #34
35.
Which of these is listed by EPA as a criteria air pollutant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
carbon monoxide
water
chlorine
hydrogen
Enger - Chapter 16 #35
36.
Ground level ozone is
A.
B.
C.
D.
a significant source of air pollution and contributes to the increase in the ozone hole.
a significant source of air pollution and contributes to the formation of smog.
not regulated.
found only in rural areas.
Enger - Chapter 16 #36
37.
The number of smog days in the top ten most polluted cities has
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreased to below 2 per year by 2000.
increased to more than 22 per year by 2000.
decreased to below 50 per year by 2000.
increased to more than 10 per year by 2000.
Enger - Chapter 16 #37
38.
The role of ozone in the atmosphere is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
create harmful air pollution which contributes to smog.
increase the distribution of acid rain over the oceans.
shield the Earth from radiation from ultraviolet light.
decrease the impact of el Nino.
Enger - Chapter 16 #38
39.
To decrease exposure to second hand smoke, the EPA recommended that
A.
B.
C.
D.
people not smoke in their homes or near children.
people not smoke in restaurants or bars.
all cigarette sales should have a $4 tax added.
children should not be allowed to purchase cigarettes.
Enger - Chapter 16 #39
40.
The Kyoto Protocol was an international agreement to
A.
B.
C.
D.
set limits on six criteria air pollutants.
regulate CFC production.
set limits on carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases.
regulate the impact of el Nino.
Enger - Chapter 16 #40
41.
The Clean Air Act
A.
B.
C.
D.
set national ambient air quality standards for six pollutants.
set voluntary air quality standards for 187 pollutants.
provided tax incentives and grants for voluntary clean-up of air pollution.
provided funding to States to regulate air pollution.
Enger - Chapter 16 #41
42.
In general, air quality in the United States over the past 30 years has
A.
B.
C.
D.
declined except for nitrogen dioxide emissions.
declined except for lead emissions.
improved except for lead emissions.
improved except for nitrogen dioxide emissions.
Enger - Chapter 16 #42
43.
Which of the following is not included in the energy policy initiatives of Germany to help reduce
carbon dioxide emissions?
A. a tax on motor freight per distance traveled
B. a tax on the use of energy sources such as coal, coke, and lignite
C. low interest loans for the installation of solar energy technology
D. setting the Renewable Energy Resources Act goal to provide 20% of electricity from renewable
resources
E. All of the above are correct.
Enger - Chapter 16 #43
Which of the following best matches the description?
Enger - Chapter 16
44.
Molecule consisting of three atoms of oxygen.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
thermal inversion
acid deposition
secondary air pollutants
ozone
particulates
radon
greenhouse effect
primary air pollutants
photochemical smog
oxides of nitrogen
sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #44
45.
Property of carbon dioxide that allows light to enter but not leave the atmosphere.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #45
46.
Air pollutant consisting of nitrogen and oxygen compounds.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
thermal inversion
acid deposition
secondary air pollutants
ozone
particulates
radon
greenhouse effect
primary air pollutants
photochemical smog
oxides of nitrogen
sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #46
47.
Accumulation of potential acid-forming particles on a surface.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
thermal inversion
acid deposition
secondary air pollutants
ozone
particulates
radon
greenhouse effect
primary air pollutants
photochemical smog
oxides of nitrogen
sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #47
48.
Types of unmodified materials released into the atmosphere.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #48
49.
Pollutants produced by the interaction of primary pollutants and an energy source.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
thermal inversion
acid deposition
secondary air pollutants
ozone
particulates
radon
greenhouse effect
primary air pollutants
photochemical smog
oxides of nitrogen
sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #49
50.
Yellowish-brown haze that is the result of the interaction of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and
sunlight
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
thermal inversion
acid deposition
secondary air pollutants
ozone
particulates
radon
greenhouse effect
primary air pollutants
photochemical smog
oxides of nitrogen
sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #50
51.
Condition in which warm air is sandwiched between two layers of cold air.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
thermal inversion
acid deposition
secondary air pollutants
ozone
particulates
radon
greenhouse effect
primary air pollutants
photochemical smog
oxides of nitrogen
sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #51
52.
Small pieces of solid material that are dispersed into the atmosphere.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
thermal inversion
acid deposition
secondary air pollutants
ozone
particulates
radon
greenhouse effect
primary air pollutants
photochemical smog
oxides of nitrogen
sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #52
53.
Compound produced when sulfur-containing fossil fuels are burned.
A. thermal inversion
B. acid deposition
C. secondary air pollutants
D. ozone
E. particulates
F. radon
G. greenhouse effect
H. primary air pollutants
I. photochemical smog
J. oxides of nitrogen
K. sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #53
54.
Gas emitted from certain kinds of rocks.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
thermal inversion
acid deposition
secondary air pollutants
ozone
particulates
radon
greenhouse effect
primary air pollutants
photochemical smog
oxides of nitrogen
sulfur dioxide
Enger - Chapter 16 #54
55.
Lead and nitrogen compounds are believed to contribute to the destruction of ozone in the upper
atmosphere.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #55
56.
Ozone is formed when photochemical smog reacts with sunlight.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #56
57.
The stratosphere is a wind current that blows from west to east.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #57
58.
Atmospheric ozone shields the Earth from the harmful effects of ultraviolet light radiation.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #58
59.
Loss of calcium ions from soil may be a major problem associated with acid rain.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #59
60.
One way to reduce the effects of acid rain is to remove lead from fuels.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #60
61.
The use of catalytic converters can reduce acid rain production.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #61
62.
Carbon dioxide is put into the atmosphere as a waste product of fossil fuel combustion.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #62
63.
Carbon monoxide is produced when organic materials are incompletely burned.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #63
64.
A large source of carbon monoxide is smoking tobacco.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #64
65.
Categories of air pollution include carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and lead.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #65
66.
Air pollution is an aesthetic problem with no documented cases of death directly related to poor air
quality.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #66
67.
Since the prevailing wind patterns in the U.S. are from east to west, the best place to avoid air pollution
is on the extreme East Coast.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #67
68.
Radon gas may cause lung cancer if exposure is prolonged at high concentrations.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #68
69.
Photochemical smog is considered a primary pollutant.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #69
70.
As a waterbody becomes more acidic, many aquatic species fail to reproduce.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #70
71.
Acid rain is caused by the emission of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #71
72.
Recently, Russia and the U.S. ratified the Kyoto Protocol.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #72
73.
Scientists have agreed that human activity is causing the climate to get warmer.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #73
74.
Ozone, when found close to the surface of the Earth, is a pollutant.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #74
75.
Most of the phosphorus entering Lake Champlain comes from nonpoint sources.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #75
76.
Unwanted sound or noise is considered to be a type of pollution.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #76
77.
NASA has determined that Arctic sea ice is not melting any faster than today than in previous decades.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #77
78.
Satellites have made continual observations of Arctic sea ice since 1978.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #78
79.
Melting of arctic sea ice might influence survival of polar bear populations.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #79
80.
Motor vehicle emissions are not a major source of air pollution.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #80
81.
Air can generally not accept and or disperse significant amounts of pollutants.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #81
82.
The EPA has specifically identified and classified 188 substances that are hazardous air pollutants.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #82
83.
There are six major sources of EPA Criteria Pollutants.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #83
84.
It is believed that human activities can alter the atmosphere in such a way that they can change climate.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #84
85.
As part of New York University's Green Action Plan it will build an underground co-generation plant
that can use the heat generated from an electric power plant to heat campus buildings.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #85
86.
Nitrogen dioxide is not included as one of the EPA Criteria Pollutants.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #86
87.
Newer, energy efficient homes have cleaner air quality than older, less efficient homes.
FALSE
Enger - Chapter 16 #87
88.
There are many positive actions that have improved air quality.
TRUE
Enger - Chapter 16 #88
16 Summary
Category
Enger - Chapter 16
# of
Questions
89